The I The Daily Mail

Both use Columns and big text but the Text is placed differently.

The Daily Mail is a tabloid British newspaper that was founded by Alfred and Harold Harmsworth in 1896. The Newspaper has a right wing political bias as there is no evidence of this time to suggest otherwise. The newspaper is also available online. The main target audience is middle to lower class women. It has a total revenue of 2 Billion It’s now owned by Jonathan Harmsworth.

In February 2020, the paper had an average daily circulation of 1,134,184 copies. From April 2019 and March 2020, it had an average daily readership of 2.180 million. 1.407 million consumers were in the ABC1 demographic and 773,000 thousand were in the C2DE demographic.

DMGT said circulation revenues fell by 17% and advertisement revenue down by 46%

1 Habermas and the public sphere.

Habermas defined the public sphere as a community which is imaginary and not a physical place. This is where private people come together to discuss the needs of the public.  In 1960, this helped shape the newly emerging political left wing. 

2 Curran and Seaton and Liberal free pass

 Seaton wrote a book called “Power without responsibility” which suggested that people who have high political power, feel as if they don’t have any responsibility. It helps people to understand the British media and its political stance. It is used as a defense for public service broadcasting and the impact that social media has on the audience. This relates to Chomsky’s manufacturing consent.  

3 Chomsky and the five filters of manufacturing

Manufacturing consent is how the media has power in the economy and political views. This is where a text producer wants an audience to believe a certain political view and uses subtle ideologies that persuade the audience without them actually realizing it. The five filters of consent are ownership of the medium, the medium’s funding sources, sourcing, flak, and anti-communism or “fear ideology”. These are the characteristics of a conglomerate. 

4 Louis Althusser – interpellation & Ideological State Appraratus

Interpilation- “an ideology always exists in an apparatus, and its practice, or practices” The quote suggests that that ideology represents the relationship of individuals and the existence of real life. Interpellation suggests that any ideology is created by a higher power which is mainly seen in social and political institution.

Ideological State Appraratus- Institutions which are outside of the states control and its ideology such as church and families, however they still represent the states values to

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Judith butler suggests that human gender is leant through nature. ‘Gender as performativity.’ This means that we learn gender stereotypes and adapt them to our sex (genetalia) and it’s not how we are born, which is known as nature. This essentially shows how gender is a social construct. As we grow older we begin to ‘act out’ the social gender norms and are more likely to conform to others of our gender which builds friendships. For females of all ages, they are given a very specific dominant ideology of the ‘perfect’ lady and how she should look. This would be a slim, blonde hair and she would wear clothing which would highlight certain aspects of her body, mainly consisting of bust size and small hips. This ideology was formed by capitalistic men who live in a patriarchal society, where they use their power to abuse women of all ages. This can be seen as oppression towards females as anything below their beauty standards are seen as ‘not beautiful’

Oh is part of a development in Lifestyle and environmental movements. It mainly looked at female empowerment and how they wanted to change the ‘normal’ standard of what women ‘should’ look like. The magazine was first published on April 19th 2004. On average there was over 2.7 million copies sold. ” Oh is about new ways of looking inside ourselves and out at the world” The quote suggests that any sterotypical dominant ideologies that create ‘social norms’ shouldn’t be how you view yourself nor what you should compare yourself to as there is more beauty in the world than what most people see and it shouldn’t matter what you look like as personality is what defines an individual. Everyone could have the same hair and dresses but they will have different views and opinions as well as personalities. Oh magazine wanted to change the beauty standard for females which is overly degrading and accomplished this by having the magazine use different women of different ethnicities and cultural backgrounds for the front covers. This shows how no matter what someone looks like, they are beautiful. The magazine shows more than just pictures as it has content which talks about creative ability which empowers women to learn new skills for themselves. This can be shown in the title of the magazine which looks like the typeface is hand written.

Oh interviewed Amali de Alwis who is the CEO of ‘girls code’ to celebrate her being the first lady of colour for joining such a male dominant technological industry.

Because oh wanted to signify a magazine based on feminism, they use a repeated iconic sign of females on the front cover and lack any male representation. This can be seen as radical as they are opposing the dominance of the patriarchal conglomerate media forms.

Oh magazine contrasts to the magazine ‘Mens health’ which has a symbolic use of men to show how it stands with the dominant ideology of what men must look like as it’s what is seen as normal in the main media industry. This is signified with a buff man and blocky blue colour which is consistently used throughout the magazine. However, this should be seen as unrealistic as in the real world, not all men look like this. The magazine is published by Hearst magazines which is known to be a very patriarchal conglomerate. The company owns many cable networks over the U.S and is a much bigger media conglomerate than ‘Iceberg press’ which only publishes one other magazine than Oh, as it’s a small indie company. This is how Mens health is easily able to reach their target audience as they are well known and have a circulation on 1.5 million per year. This relates to the theory of manufacturing consent where an audience believes what a media form tells them to, simply because that’s what they’ve been told. This is how so many companies also fall under this influence as the company controls so much of the mass media.

Oh comely is part of a development in Lifestyle and environmental movements. It mainly looked at female empowerment and how they wanted to change the ‘normal’ standard of what women ‘should’ look like.

The magazine was first published on April 19th 2004. On average there was over 2.7 million copies sold.

As seen in this photo, Comely wanted to change the beauty standard for female which is overly degrading. Children are shown that skinny, white, blonde haired females with a small nose are seen as beautiful and everyone else has no physical representation. This can cause identity issues which cause people to change who they really are creating a false identity.

” Oh is about new ways of looking inside ourselves and out at the world”

The focus is on women being known for more than just their looks but their creative abilities too. This links to feminist critical thinking theory because the magazine is representing women, in the way that they feel comfortable in being who they are.

Media power and control can link to “Bombshell” because the text itself suggests how ‘Fox News’ is a conglomerate and controls many aspects of the media such as the news and TV channels. At the time the movie was set, Rodger would abuse his power and position to sexually harass young females and in return they would get a higher position in the workplace.

This links to critical feminist thinking because women shouldn’t have to take part in sexual acts, that they don’t want to, to get a higher position and should be recognized for their hard work.

This then links to the Leveson Enquiry which looked into the ethics and culture of the British press after the News International phone hacking scandal which was how they hacked into phones and abused their social power.

Post-colonialism is important for how an audience may view media. Two theorists that look at the link between society and media are: J McDougall and Natalie Fenton. McDougall wrote a book called “Fake News vs New Media”. A quote from the book is “There are always points historically where populations have been discontented or economic hardships have been exacerbated”. The quote relates how Letter to the Free is a music video portraying the history of the mistreatment of black people and discrimination. An example of their discrimination is when Rosa parks was discriminated as she was told to stand up on a bus. This shows that Letter to the Free is a radical text because it challenges the historic events that black people had to fight for and the Common is asking (through his music video) for racial discrimination to stop.

Natalie Fenton links to post-colonialism because she created a three phase plan. This included of the assimilation of colonial structures that parallel to the “Mother country”. Following the three phase plan, it’s shown that the mother country in Letter to the Free, is America. This is unlike ghost town where the mother country is UK but mainly focuses on the city of London. This suggests how Letter to the Free and ghost town are radical and are trying to enforce change against discrimination while following the three phase plan.

Letter to the free and Ghost town both show post-colonialism, but in contrasting methods. Letter to the free is about ending racism and improving how black people are treated by those with unneeded, excessive power. However, Ghost town relates to the UK and its economic depression and how employment rates were increasing inside of factories. This further shows how they were radical at their time of released as people were used to these “norms” and viewed them as the dominant ideologies.

David Hesmondhalgh is an academic who critically analyses the relationship between media work and the media industry. He suggested that:

“the distinctive organisational form of the cultural industries has considerable implications for the conditions under which symbolic creativity is carried out“

Young people are too easily seduced to be able to work in the creative media industry. This is because of the possible wealth and fame which is why they allow themselves to be sexually harassed by their “boss”.

” the individualising discourses of ‘talent’ and ‘celebrity’ and the promise of future fame or consecration, have special purchase in creative work, and are often instrumental in ensuring compliance with the sometimes invidious demands of managers, organisations and the industry (Banks & Hesmondhalgh, p. 420).”

Murdoch’s media empire includes Fox News, Fox Sports, the Fox Network, The Wall Street Journal, and HarperCollins. The families empires woth is nearly 18 billion.

Trump winning the election made the Murdoch family more powerful.

Momento can be classified as a postmodern text as the main character “Leonard” has no true identity. This can be seen through many times throughout the movie. he wants people to believe he is a clinical psychologist who wants vengeance for his wife. However, his true identity is a murderer but only because of his own actions. This can show how Leonard is his own victim as he constantly led himself to believe he never solved the murder even though he had many times as every time he found out he made false clues to lead to a new “killer”. He does this to give himself a false sense of purpose. This therefore allowed it to become a Whitley text as consumers believed he was doing the right thing until we found out Leonards true self. This is the Theory of Ronald Barthes where consumers create their own versions of the text without having any factual information.

The text itself relies on how only evidence and facts can truly be trusted where as people who “claim” to know the truth can’t, even if it is the real truth. This is done to show how Leonard is a paranoid character who is going insane and couldn’t take the weight of him killing his own wife. To do this he constructs a character called “John G” so when he finds out his true self he can forget and blame someone new, this becomes and endless cycle. Because of this, evidence begins not matching up and Leonard confuses as well as contradicts himself and leads him to killing innocent people and trusting people such as Natalie when he shouldn’t.

All of this can be blamed on new and rising media technologies as well as people with power such as “Teddy” who lied to Leonard so he could have a false sense of purpose, simply out of pity.