1.COLONIALISM – When a country seeks to gain control over another countries territory, thus owning a colony

2.POST COLONIALISM – effects that occur/stay from a colonising country after a set colony is ended

3.DIASPORA– The spread of people who follow Judaism across the world

4.BAME – Black and Asian Minor Ethnicity

5.DOUBLE CONSCIOUSNESS (GILROY) – The internal/mental conflicts of minor ethnicity

6.CULTURAL ABSOLUTISM / RACIAL ESSENTIALISM – A belief that states that cultures do not differ in intelligence levels or honesty

7.CULTURAL SYNCRETISM – when cultures blend together their distinct aspects to make something new

8.ORIENTALISM (SAID) – believing that eastern societies/cultures are below us, inferior, backwards and exotic

9.APPROPRIATION – taking elements from a set culture by another culture

10.CULTURAL HEGEMONY – when a certain culture takes up leadership, assumes itself superior to others

11.THE PUBLIC SPHERE (HABERMAS) – a social area in which people can discuss and overcome societies problems, promoting political action in order to help the society

12.THE ROLE OF PUBLIC SERVICE BROADCASTING IN TERMS OF FAIR REPRESENTATION OF MINORITY GROUPS / INTERESTS – PSB should help us to understand BAME instead of enforcing dominant ideologies

TASK 1 background

• Ghost town was created as ‘break up’ song for the specials
• it stayed in no1 spot for 3 weeks after release and top 40 for 10 weeks
•  released on 12 June 1981
• mix of ‘two tone’ and ‘reggae’ genres. Their label gave the name to the genre as they mixed ska,reggae and new wave
• cities
•  “Single of the Year” for 1981
• They were signed to the label 2 tone
• directed by Barney Bubbles

TASK 2 social,cultural,historical

• Adresses the themes of urban decay , deindustrialisation,unemployment and violence in inner
• In 1981 unemployment rates in the UK were at the high with almost 3 million unemployed
• the band travelled across the UK and they could witnessed the impact of recession on the country and everyday life.
• There were riots spreading across the UK and it boosted the songs popularity
• 1981 England riots. From April to July 1981, England suffered serious riots across many major cities. Perceived as race riots between communities, the main motives were related to racial tension and inner city deprivation. The riots were caused by a distrust of the police and authority

• some text neeeded
• different style logo
• more suitable fonts
• less bland background

Draft 2

• writing along the sides needed
• further tuning of the main image

• Gaming mouse adverts

• Gaming releases ads

Blumler and Katz theorised that people have 5 main reasons to use media:

• escapism
• social interaction
• personal identity
• inform and educate
• enjoyment

MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

DEMOGRAPHICS AND PSYCHOGRAPHICS

Demographics: Quantitative data, age,race,ethnicity,sex

socio-economic status = A,B,C1,C2,D,E

other descriptives of demographics= Elite, Established middle class, Technical middle class, New affluent workers,Traditional working class, Emergent Service workers and the Precariat, or the precious Proletariat

Psychographics: Aspirer, Explorer, Resigned, Mainstreamer, Reformer, Succeeder, Struggler

Political Compass — Certificate

A PERSONALISED POLITICAL COMPASS CERTIFICATE SHOWING YOUR OWN POSITION IS AVAILABLE ONLINE

Join 27 caricatures of your most loved and loathed political figures in a personalised colour certificate that you can download and print in moments.

It’s beautifully designed by political cartoonist Malcolm Evans and serves as a permanent record of your position on the Compass, and the political company you keep.

After you take the test, you will be presented with a link which will take you to the certificate page. Alternatively you can go straight to the certificate page where you can fill in your name and score, and a certificate will be generated to match. The certificate will download to your browser as a pdf, which you can save and print at your leisure. You can save the link and re-download it at any time.

While the caricatures have been placed in the quadrants appropriate to their political views, we have not attempted to place them accurately within their quadrants. Aesthetics took priority over ideology in this instance. So before you write to us to complain that we have Sanders to the left of Mandela, or that Ayn Rand believed in libertarianism only for the élite, consider that the certificate is designed to start conversations, not to settle bets.

Previously we charged £5.00 for issuing the certificate but this became uneconomic in the light of rising costs of our payments provider and bank. We’re now giving it away. If you have paid for a certificate in the past, we thank you for your support.

One of New Zealand’s ten or so current cartoonists, Malcolm Evans was born in Feilding — a small country town which, rather strangely, produced five of them; a coincidence that has led some to speculate that the milkman delivered more than milk. Morphing from a career that began in advertising, Evans became a newspaper cartoonist in the 1960s and, apart from time spent helping raise four daughters, has been producing political cartoons and caricatures ever since. While his political cartoons have caused controversy from time to time, a little known fact about Malcolm Evans is that his father was a milkman.

• civic media sector consists of channel communication linked to organised groups and social networks
• best way to manage the public media sector is to entrust it with a public service organisation
• one problem is that the government can undermine the independence of public broadcasting institutions and restrict the public debate through their channels
• second problem is that public service broadcasting organisations tend to be unduly influenced by the political class
• third problem that can beset public broadcasting is unresponsiveness to popular demand
• everyone including politicians to academics now agree that public communications systems are part of the’cultural industries’
• regulation – free market or state control. Either the organisations have little to none restrictions meaning they can lie and exploit media, however if the government inputs too many rules the media becomes government controlled

• media should act as a power for the public interest not for the government for their exploitation of humans by carving ideologies in order to profit
• Habernas created the ‘ public sphere ‘ signifying an intertwined network thats global
• Habernas believed that a functioning democracy needed a public voter thatwas infromed and debated on the issues of the day
• government utilizes media to withhold info instead of sharing it
• media is a watchdog
• this watchdog role is said to override in importance all other functions of the media

What is the Network effect? (Theodore Vail)

Then network effect says that a particular service or a value of a product increases as the amount of people using it increases. For example Facebook wouldn’t be as useful if as many people weren’t using it.

What is the ‘Feedback Loop Theory’ by Norbert Wiener?

A feedback loop is a concept found in systems theory. Feedback loops provide information to an organization about system successes and problems. Success results in a positive feedback loop and problems create a negative feedback loop.

What is the Dumbar number?

Dunbar’s number is a suggested cognitive limit to the number of people with whom one can maintain stable social relationships—relationships in which an individual knows who each person is and how each person relates to every other person.

Who really benefits from a digitally networked society? Big business or individuals? Refer to ‘loop theory’ and the ‘Dunbar number’

Businesses are more likely to benefit from a networked society as it allows them to target more than 150 (dumbar number), people are less likely to benefit from a networked society as their cognitive abilities suggest that they can be friends with up to 150 people (usually 10 people).

Key words associated with new media

share	active	creative	host
story	re-connect	personalise	stream
experience	store	scale	immerse
interface	live	adapt	binge
conversation	re-perform	circulate	endless

share – the process of publishing information within the internet or a social media

live – a form of media, usually auditory of visual that is in real life time parallel with the consumers

Active – when a person or media platform is frequently interacting with its internet activities.

Table to contrast ‘New’ vs ‘Old’ Media: Do you agree?

NEW MEDIA	OLD MEDIA
Active involvement	Passive involvement
Two-way conversation	One-way conversation
Open system	Closed system
Transparent	Opaque
One-on-one marketing	Mass marketing
About Me	About You
Brand and User-generated Content	Professional content
Authentic content	Polished content
FREE platform	Paid platform
Metric: Engagement	Metric: Reach/ frequency
Actors: Users / Influencers	Actors/ Celebrities
Community decision-making	Economic decision-making
Unstructured communication	Controlled communication
Real time creation	Pre-produced/ scheduled
Bottom-up strategy	Top-down strategy
Informal language	Formal language