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COLONIALISM: Colonialism is when a country seeking to extend or keep its power and authority over other people as well as territories, generally with the aim of economic dominance. when in the process of colonisation the colonisers may introduce their own religion, economics, and other cultural practices on indigenous peoples and try to set it as the new norm. 

POST-COLONIALISM: Post-colonialism is an academic discipline which includes methods of intellectual discourse that use to analyze, explain, and respond to the cultural legacies of colonialism and of imperialism as well as the human consequences that come from controlling a country and establishing settlers for the economic exploitation of the native people. 

DIASPORA: it is when a scattered population who originally came from a different geographic locale. When we look at it historically, the word diaspora was used to refer to the involuntary mass dispersion of a population from its original indigenous territories, for example, the dispersion of Jews from Egypt when they had to wander the desert for 40 years to escape enslavement from the Egyptians.

BAME: is a name that refers to Black, Asian and the minority community

DOUBLE CONSCIOUSNESS (GILROY): it is a term to describe the internal conflict experienced by subordinated or colonized groups in an oppressive society.

CULTURAL ABSOLUTISM / RACIAL ESSENTIALISM: Cultural Absolutism is the ideology that there are certain principles and sets of values that are objectively right or wrong in every context and according to cultural absolutism when we consider things universally it is considered free from cultural, historical, and social conditions. racial essentialism when looking at is as a belief in a genetic or biological sense which defines all members of a racial category.

CULTURAL SYNCRETISM: is when distinct parts of different cultures combine together to create something new. Culture is a wide category so blending can come in many forms, like the form of religious practices, architecture, philosophy, recreation, and even food.

ORIENTALISM (SAID): is the acceptance in the West of “the basic distinction between East and West as the starting point for elaborate theories, epics, novels, social descriptions, and political accounts concerning the Orient, its people, customs, mind, destiny etc.

APPROPRIATION: is when you take something like ideas, customs, or a style from a group or culture that you are not a member of and to then apply it to yourself.

CULTURAL HEGEMONY: domination or rule that is maintained through ideological or cultural means. It is mainly achieved through social institutions, which means those in power can strongly influence the values, norms, ideas, expectations, worldview, and behaviour of the rest of society.

THE PUBLIC SPHERE (HABERMAS): it is a safe place for people to talk about the government.

THE ROLE OF PUBLIC SERVICE BROADCASTING IN TERMS OF FAIR REPRESENTATION OF MINORITY GROUPS / INTERESTS: their role was to reflect various community interests and news, as well as different ethnicities and cultural backgrounds to be all-inclusive to the audience.

written by: Jerry Dammers

Artists: British two-tone band “The specials”

Album: Ghost town

released: 1981

Awards: NME Award for best singles

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Section C- part of one of the three, teen vogue, the “i” then finally the war of the worlds

language, Representation, industries and audience

Radio language: consist of words, sound effects, music and silence. These are shared to some extent with television and film, but radio uses them in rather different ways. on collections of these word signs as symbolic codes to communicate meaning. Words on radio are spoken.

Radio is a Blind media: is a sightless or a view less medium. In radio, either the performer or listener cannot see each other. Therefore it is called blind medium. Since it is a blind or sightless medium, the performer as well as listener has to creatively imagine each other. “Andrew Crisell”

“Andrew Crisell”: He lectures in communication and media studies at the University of Sunderland. He has written widely on radio and co-founded Wear FM, winner of the 1992 Sony ‘Radio Station of the Year’ award.

War of the Worlds can be considered in a historical context as it provides an interesting study of the power and influence of radio as a form during its early days of broadcasting. It was first broadcast on the eve of World War II and reflected fears of invasion in the US and concerns about international relations.

Overview: Ray Ferrier, a dockworker, and his children are all set to spend a weekend together. However, an alien tripod descends on Earth, threatening to wipe out humanity.

Budget: 132 million USD

During the time it was based it was during The Great Depression

During the Anxiety Era

Fake News is not new

The relationship between radio and newspapers is significant

1938 October 31

by 1935 there was the double amount of radio at home compared to telephones

Moral Panic”: A moral panic is a feeling of fear spread among many people that some evil threatens the well-being of society. It is “the process of arousing social concern over an issue – usually the work of moral entrepreneurs and the mass media”. 

Some other thoughts regarding this text center around contemporary ideas of Fake News. In other words, do we / can we trust the media? Where do you get knowledge and information? It also a text that shows the power of the media, to influence vulnerable audiences. Although I wonder if the stories around audiences reacting passively as if it were a true story were exaggerated almost as a marketing exercise, that in itself is a form of made up information? Indeed, isn’t all information made up? How do we know what is truth? What is clear is that the distinction between fact and fiction is often blurred and relies upon audience members recognising and understanding specific codes and conventions that relate to each Media Language. In this instance, the Language of Radio is used creatively to structure a text that could be taken as fact, but is clearly fiction. Recognising the particular social and historical moment that this media text was produced is significant, so was this a comment on the ability of the mass media to create propaganda and manipulate a compliant and vulnerable mass audience? Is that still relevant today? Think about twitter, Trump, Brexit etc. If so, then Chomsky‘s argument that the media is used by powerful groups – ‘Manufacturing Consent‘ – is the most appropriate theory to structure an understanding of media, technology, control, manipulation and power.