Barthes- A French literary theorist, philosopher, critic, and semiotician- he studied signs Pierce- An American philosopher, logician, mathematician, and scientist- He created the idea of signs being iconic, indexical and symbolic. Saussure- A Swiss linguist and semiotician Semiotics- The study of signs and symbols Sign- A sign is anything that can convey a meaning Signifier- Comes from Saussure and Signified- An idea that is expressed by a sign Icon- A sign that is designed to look like an object that it represents Index- A sign or measure of something Symbol- A sign that represents or is associated with something Code- A system of words or figures or symbols that is used to represent something Dominant Signifier- The most important sign Anchorage- A sign that fixes the meaning Ideology- A set of ideas / beliefs Paradigm- A pattern / group of something Syntagm- A series of signs that all work together Signifcation- The process of making media Denotation- Barthes- The object Connotation- Barthes- An idea or feeling or meaning of the object Myth- The ideas that are created by connotations A radical text- Challenges an ideology A reactionary text- Agrees with ideology/ Supports dominant ideology
Iconic signs grass, gun, people symbolic signs: colours – orange, purple, letters, pound sign (they are all arbitrary, random, shared and agreed. indexical – (linked to something) woman looks confident, strong, independent, because she is holding a gun, body language, facial expressions. Also, they all look like they are linked to war or conflict.
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