Argument – Audiences have evolved with the introduction of new media communication methods

Media Audiences:

Clay Shirky -End of Audience – Radio as a declining medium in the age of active audience communication and interaction.

Opposite of Lasswell’s Hypodermic needle theory – passive audiences.

War of the Worlds: Lasswell model of communication: Little interaction from and between viewers, showing how the fake news story could effect many people because they did not have many ways of communication with other audiences, and they had limited means of communicating with the media provider. Meanwhile Life Hacks, as a modern program, often includes more audience involvement from phone calls and social media interaction with the audience on the radio program.

Media Industries:

Hesmondhalgh – risky business – Appealing to the audience’s need for the interaction with other people and the medium itself allows the business to survive, since Clay Shirky argues that audiences that are denied this ability generally shift towards media companies that offer these two-way communication features. With the introduction of the internet, old media companies have moved online to avoid losing profits by remaining to produce products in a declining medium (Example – Daily Mail, which adopted use of the internet early on to keep it’s business thriving and to keep it successful as the most popular newspaper in the UK.)

Livingstone and Lunt: Public service media aims to inform, educate entertain (BBC – Life Hacks), following a citizen- based approach to media production. On the other hand, Private media corporations such as CBS, who broadcasted War of the Worlds, work on a consumer- based approach to media production where media plurality and consumer-led policing content is expected. According to Livingstone and Lunt, content monitoring plays a secondary role in consumer-based regulatory model, with audiences having to “rely much more on their own judgements of quality, truthfulness and enjoyment” – relates to the War of the Worlds because of it’s challenging of audiences believing almost blindly in news from media conglomerates.

Intro – Outline the intent/aim of the question, introduce Life Hacks and War of the Worlds

Paragraph 1: Media Audiences – Clay Shirky’s end of audience – life hacks AND Lasswell’s Hypodermic needle theory – How audiences have evolved as illustrated by these two radio programs.

Paragraph 2: Media Industries – Hesmondhalgh – Risky business – Appealing to the audience’s need for the interaction with other people and the medium itself allows the business to survive, since Clay Shirky argues that audiences that are denied this ability generally shift towards media companies that offer these two-way communication features. With the introduction of the internet, old media companies have moved online to avoid losing profits by remaining to produce products in a declining medium (Example – Daily Mail, which adopted use of the internet early on to keep it’s business thriving and to keep it successful as the most popular newspaper in the UK.)

Paragraph 3: Livingstone and Lunt – Public service media aims to inform, educate entertain (BBC – Life Hacks), following a citizen- based approach to media production. On the other hand, Private media corporations such as CBS, who broadcasted War of the Worlds, work on a consumer- based approach to media production where media plurality and consumer-led policing content is expected. According to Livingstone and Lunt, content monitoring plays a secondary role in consumer-based regulatory model, with audiences having to “rely much more on their own judgements of quality, truthfulness and enjoyment” – relates to the War of the Worlds because of it’s challenging of audiences believing almost blindly in news from media conglomerates. Life Hacks is provided by the BBC, a public Service Broadcaster that intends to inform, educate and entertain,

Conclusion: judgement – Media Audiences have evolved with the introduction of new media communication methods and media industries have been forced to evolve to accomodate the new audience communication methods available.