- 1938
andrew cresell wrote book “understanding radio”
says that radio is a blind medium = you cant see it ( you have images and p;pictures in your head)
aliens represent something
fake news is nothing new
“hard times are a breeding ground for misinformation”
- American science fiction disaster film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Josh Friedman and David Koepp
- produced by Paramount Pictures and Dream Works Pictures.
- won Academy Awards nominations for Best Visual Effects, Best Sound Mixing, and Best Sound Editing.
- described as an anti-war film (civilians run and only try to save themselves and their family instead of fighting back against the alien Tripods)
- Debra Saundras (an american journalist) compared the film to independence day
- released in american Ziegfeld Theatre on June 23, 2005
- Director: Steven Spielberg
Budget: 132 million USD
Box office: 603.9 million USD
- example of hybrid radio film
- CBS broadcast
- was a Halloween special – broadcast in Halloween – was it a foax? was it deliberate
- suspending disbelief – people were distressed – are aliens real?
- interesting as its a layer over fake new over fake news
- they want you to believe it was real
- Stanley Cohen wrote a book “folk devils and moral panic” – every time something bad happens, blame the media. The media causes bad things
- it was performed and broadcasted live as a halloween episode at 8pm on over on Columbia broadcasting system radio network
- Sunday, October 30th 1938
- The episode became famous for allegedly causing panic among its listening audience, though the scale of that panic is disputed, as the program had relatively few listeners
- 1 hour programme
- released a year before WW2 – audience already distressed due to Austria war
The novel was adapted for radio by Howard Koch, who changed the primary setting from 19th-century England to the contemporary United States