Star formatting – foregrounding of star power in order to gain an audience – Sarah Lund (The Killing)

Genre formatting – genre is the category of a certain type of media (film, book, etc..), the format is how the genre is structured – crime, mystery, thriller, drama (The Killing)

Steralisation – includes a prequel/sequel – No Offence has 3 seasons and The Killing has 4

Multi-sector integration – vertical & horizontal integration – The Killing was originally shown on DR (a Danish broadcasting corporation) but is now available on Amazon Prime and BBC (and was shown on Netflix)