The independence of broadcasting from the state has recently been seen as the most important condition of the services accountability.

The interests of the government had come, by the late 1970’s, to be seen as inimical to those of broadcasting.

Beveridge suggested that ‘the work of broadcasting should be regarded as a public service for a social purpose.’

Broadcasting in Britain – monopoly – duopoly – always depended on an assumption of commitment to an undivided public good.

Broadcasting and broadcasting institutions cannot be understood merely as a collection of separate program ‘texts’. Judging broadcasting organisations by their product ‘was … relevant but not adequate’

Capital media

Private ownership, driven by profits

Public service media

Government ownership, aim service the public

Civil society media

Small / local media