1 Habermas and the public sphere.

Habermas defined the public sphere as a community which is imaginary and not a physical place. This is where private people come together to discuss the needs of the public.  In 1960, this helped shape the newly emerging political left wing. 

2 Curran and Seaton and Liberal free pass

 Seaton wrote a book called “Power without responsibility” which suggested that people who have high political power, feel as if they don’t have any responsibility. It helps people to understand the British media and its political stance. It is used as a defense for public service broadcasting and the impact that social media has on the audience. This relates to Chomsky’s manufacturing consent.  

3 Chomsky and the five filters of manufacturing

Manufacturing consent is how the media has power in the economy and political views. This is where a text producer wants an audience to believe a certain political view and uses subtle ideologies that persuade the audience without them actually realizing it. The five filters of consent are ownership of the medium, the medium’s funding sources, sourcing, flak, and anti-communism or “fear ideology”. These are the characteristics of a conglomerate. 

4 Louis Althusser – interpellation & Ideological State Appraratus

Interpilation- “an ideology always exists in an apparatus, and its practice, or practices” The quote suggests that that ideology represents the relationship of individuals and the existence of real life. Interpellation suggests that any ideology is created by a higher power which is mainly seen in social and political institution.

Ideological State Appraratus- Institutions which are outside of the states control and its ideology such as church and families, however they still represent the states values to