Noam Chomsky – 5 Filters that manufacturer consent – Chomskys 5 filters or the propaganda model shows how the media operate. which can be put into 5 categories
- Ownership – big companies care more about money than journalism so their first priority will be how to make a profit then journalism
- Advertising –
- Media Elite – government, corporations and big institutions know all about media and know how to influence the news which influences us.
- Flak – When you oppose power they will get the media to discredit your sources and trash your story.
- The Common Enemy – to get people on your side you need an enemy something where people need to join together to hate, “corral public opinion”
Habermas Public sphere – The public sphere is an area in social life where individuals can come together to discuss and create connections with each other under the government.
Curran and seaton – the media, the press should be free from interference or ownership/ political control.
“The result was a long-term weaking of competition
Louis Althusser – interpellation theory
- Interpellation is the idea that we are “bred” to think, act and react in certain ways.
- Girls being portrayed in magazines playing with dolls and loving the color pink is an example of gender role interpellation
- The point of interpellation is for a person to feed into something without even realizing that they are doing so.
- Interpellation is used in almost every aspect of our society, especially in the marketing of merchandise
Antonio Gramsci – concept of hegemony – Hegemony is a tug of war for power and that the balance of power can be changed.
Gramsci came up with the theory of cultural hegemony. Cultural hegemony is the domination of a culturally diverse society by the ruling class which manipulates the culture of that society so that the ruling-class view becomes the accepted norm. Simply it means that the upper-class have control over those with less power and they manipulate the less powerful to think and believe what and how the upper-class want.