• Media concentration / Conglomerates / Globalisation (in terms of media ownership) – When a company owns multiple companies under it
• Vertical Integration – Own production, distribution and exhibition (cause the building is vertical)
• Horizontal Integration –
• Gatekeepers – filter and process info and workers
• Regulation / Deregulation – Rules to stop companies from creating monopolies too large
• Free market vs Monopolies & Mergers

David Hesmondhalgh

the distinctive organisational form of the cultural industries has considerable implications for the conditions under which symbolic creativity is carried out’ The Culture Industries (Sage, 2019, p.99) – organisations control the conditions of people

He argues that major cultural organisations create products for different industries in order to maximise chances of commercial success. In relation to online products, he argues that major IT companies now compete with the more traditional media conglomerates within the cultural sector.