• Jacques Lacan – french philosopher and psychoanalytic

“the mirror phrase” – theory of representation

• Stuart hall

• Edward Said – orientalism (understanding the other) links with Jacques Lacan’s theory of the mirror phrase

• Louis Althusser: ISA’s & the notion of ‘Interpellation’ – society makes us into a certain person ( made by ISA = ideas of the state – ideological state apparatus ) they constrain us – they are in control of what you turn out to be
• the ideas are connected to the state
• they construct an idea
• “the way in which individuals are interpellated into society – we become a person – we are less free of what we think
• the way in which your subject identity is formed and which, more often than not, corresponds to the dominant ideology.
• Hegemonic struggle (Gramsci) the chance to reclaim 
• Frantz Fanon suggested that the first step for “colonialised” is for people to reclaim their own past by finding a voice and an identity.