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Definitions List

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  1. Barthes – Leading theorist of the study of semiotics (Roland Barthes) 
  1. Pierce – father of the iconic indexical and symbolic sign theory 
  1. Saussure – He was a Swiss linguist and semiotician. His ideas laid a foundation for many significant developments in both linguistics and semiology  
  1. Semiotics – Study of signs 
  1. Sign – A gesture/action used to convey meaning, information or instruction 
  1. Signifier – A signs physical word as distinct from its meaning  
  1. Signified – the meaning or idea expressed by a sign, as distinct from the physical form in which it is expressed. 
  1. Icon – a sign which has a characteristic in common with the thing it signifies, for example the word snarl pronounced in a snarling way 
  1. Index – a sign or measure of something. 
  1. Symbol – a mark or character used as a conventional representation of an object, function, or process 
  1. Code – a system of words, letters, figures, or symbols used to represent others 
  1. Dominant Signifier – a mainly accepted form of a sign 
  1. Anchorage – when a piece of media uses another piece of media to reduce the amount of connotations in the first 
  1. Ideology – A set of beliefs and values that form a persons or entities thoughts  
  1. Paradigm – A typical example or pattern of something; a pattern or model.  
  1. Syntagm – A syntagmatic relationship is one where signs occur in sequence or parallel and operate together to create meaning. 
  1. Signification – The representation or conveying of meaning/ importance.  
  1. Denotation – What is being shown by a symbol/object. What we can clearly see 
  1. Connotation – What a symbol/object implies about its meaning/context 
  3. Myth – A widely held but false belief or idea/ misinterpretation of the truth. 
  4. Radical Text – when a text opposes the dominant ideology of an idea
  5. Reactionary Text – A text conforming/agreeing with an ideology

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    9- A sign that links to its meaning
    10- A sign that is arbitrarily linked to it’s meaning.
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    20- A meaning of a sign created by the dominant ideology
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