-A way of understanding the world/ a philosophy

– an approach towards understanding, knowledge, life, being, art, technology, culture, sociology, philosophy, politics and history in that it often refers to and often copies other things in order to understand itself.

Intertextuality

-When one text references another

– ‘preoccupation with visual style’ – Shuker

-We find it hard to distinguish fiction from reality

Intertextuality=  signs only have meaning in reference to other signs and that meaning is therefore a complex process of decoding/encoding with individuals both taking and creating meaning in the process of reading texts

Bricolage = the rearrangment and juxtaposition of previously unconnected signs to produce new codes of meaning

Surface and style over substance

‘In a postmodern world, surfaces and style become the most important defining features of the mass media and popular culture‘ (Strinati: 234)

-If post modern culture is focused more on the style and surface over substance there is a problem with culture

Postmodernism context

Richard Hoggart noted the shift in modern societies particularly the impact on our ‘neighborhood lives’ (everything and everything are extremely near)

• We don’t make anything anymore we just consume (characterized by consumption more than production)

Fragmentary consumption

– separating, splitting up and dividing previously homogeneous groups such as, friends, the family, the neighborhood, the local community, the town, the county, the country

–Fragmentary identities= work identity, social identity, family identity