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MY SHORT DEFINITIONS

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  1. Barthes:
    “a founding father of Media Studies”
    Created the 5 narrative codes
  2. Pierce:
    Was big in semiotics
    Categorized signs into 3 distinct categories – iconic, indexical and symbolic
  3. Saussure:
    Creator of symbolic interactionism
  4. Semiotics:
    The study of signs and symbols and their use or interpretation
  5. Sign: Anything that can convey meaning
  6. Signifier:
    The thing, item, or code that we ‘read’ – so, a drawing, a word, a photo
  7. Signified: The idea or meaning being expressed by a signifier
  8. Icon:
    A medium for an outlying entity
  9. Index:
    An indicator or measure of something
  10. Symbol:
    A mark, sign or word that indicates, signifies, or is understood as representing an idea, object, or relationship
  11. Code: Systems of signs, which create meaning
  12. Dominant Signifier: The thing we read first on a drawing, word, photo etc
  13. Anchorage: Fixes meaning between pictures and text
  14. Ideologies:
    Codes that reinforce or are congruent with structures of power. Ideology works largely by creating forms of “common sense,” of the taken-for-granted in everyday life
  15. Paradigm: A class of objects or concepts which are all members of a defining category but markedly different in themselves
  16. Syntagm: A chain of signs, that is, an element which follows another in a particular sequence
  17. Signifcation:
    The representation or conveying of meaning
  18. Denotation:
    The most basic or literal meaning of a sign
  19. Connotation:
    The secondary, cultural meanings of signs; or “signifying signs,” signs that are used as signifiers for a secondary meaning
  20. Myth:
    A combination of paradigms and syntagms that make up an oft-told story with elaborate cultural associations
  21. Radical Text: Text that challenges the dominant ideology
  22. Reactionary Text: Text that supports the dominant ideology

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