Previously those in charge, monarch etc, dictated. This change when public sphere started connecting horizontally rather than vertically

Before everyone was individuals, through the introduction of reading and writing everyone became able to communicate and unite.

When big companies take control, they dominate information.

People began connecting/having conversations via coffee shops (coffee shop cultures).

Social spaces = Family/friends. Community spaces = Work/school. Public spaces = libraries etc.

Then able to print newspapers etc, people started becoming more aware and educated about the world and current affairs. People began to unit and stand up to make changes.