Technology and Newspapers
Production	Distribution	Consumption
– Reported by journalists – Sent in by consumers – Laptop/computer – Word processing software – telephone – pen and paper – printers – send out journalists to create the article/report – audio recorder – camera/ digital camera – photographers – email software to gather information – editing software	– paper format as a newspaper – free newspapers that are available in airports – distributed by lorries, vans and cars – air cargo distribution – distributed into shops, bookshops and newsagents – large scale printing press – stacks – shelves – display cases – paper rounds by the “paper boy/girl”	– available in paper form – available in digital form -bought from shops – available to read digital copies on electronic devices and mobile devices. – daily subscriptions – premium subscriptions (with perks such as free digital copy included)

Noam Chomsky – Manufacturing Consent

This is a book that is written by Chomsky and Edward S Herman, which proposes that the mass communication medias of the US are “effective and powerful ideological institutions that carry out a system-supportive propaganda function, by reliance on market forces, internalized assumptions, and self-censorship, and without overt coercion”.

5 Filters of Mass Media

1. Structure of ownership – Conglomerates use vertical integration to use their subsidiary to produce newspapers.
2. The role of advertising – many newspapers use advertising i n order to pay off the production costs of producing their newspaper. For example, they may charge a company money to advertise on the back page on their newspaper.
3. Links with ‘The Establishment’ – Media can link with the government and politics. Such as Sinclair (5 Filters of Mass Media machine and Donald Trump are really good friends, meaning Trump could decide to back his friend up.
4. Diversionary Tactics (‘Flack’) – Another word for flack is noise/distraction. This is when they make a story that could be seen as ‘fake news’ and distracts people from important news to cover up the newspaper company. For example, there might be the bush fires in Australia, but newspapers seem more interested in celebrities at the BAFTAs.
5. Uniting against a ‘common enemy‘ – these include communists, terrorists and anti-supporters. The newspaper might produce an article to give a bad reputation to something (ie North Korea and Kim Jong Un)

Agenda setting – the creation of public issues, but can be filtered what articles are covered in order to emphasise and spread propaganda about a certain topic and issues that might interest their target reader.

Framing – how something is presented to the audience. Factors that influence framing include Gender, Race, Politics, Age, Society/Cultural trends and the economic issues and the influence of sponsors and money.

Myth making – when you create a statement or belief that hasn’t been backed up by anything, therefore people are hesitant to believe, meaning some people believe it but some people don’t.

The Sociology of News Production

• Major media conglomerates control more and more of the world’s media
• The “velvet revolution” in Eastern Europe (1989) raises related doubts about the attributions of unlimited power to the socialist state
• The link between ownership of news organisations and news coverage is not easy to determine. It’s hard to tie patterns of ownership to specific habits of reporting.
• The political economy perspective in Anglo-American media studies has generally been insensitive to political and legal determinants of news production, it has been far more “economic” than political”