What is the difference between a consumer based media regulation system and a citizen based regulation system?

Consumer based regulation system

• what people want
• consumer chooses what they want to watch by giving producers freedom to create those products.
• media makers are given as much freedom as possible to make the media that audiences want to consume.

Citizen based regulation system

• what government want
• argues that media has a role in shaping society and it’s citizens
• provides rules

What impact did the 2003 Communications Act have on media regulation?

• The act was designed by the labour government in 2003
• The act promoted independent tv production by requiring the BBC and Channel 4 to commission more content from smaller production companies
• Livingstone and Lunt think it’s bad as it is too free regarding citizens interests.

What is the drawback of a self-regulated system?

• Media producers self regulate themselves
• Regulation in place for the media is not rigorous enough.
• Can mess with people’s lifes if consumers want to buy the media products.
• No-consequences for horrible articles
• This led to the leveson inquiry which was a judicial public inquiry into the culture, practices and ethics of the British press following the News International phone hacking scandal. A series of public hearings were held throughout 2011 and 2012.

How do you regulate media content and organisations on a global scale?

• very hard to regulate but it is needed
• who will regulate who
• not everyone will agree

• Difference between a consumer based media regulation system and a citizen based regulation system?
• Need rules and regulations
• When media focuses on what consumers want – based on what you want
• Who makes it available – government – what is good for society, individuals, groups – laws, religion etc
• A system for those who have and don’t have money
• What you want to do what they want you to do
• Laws and regulations – sustainability, fairness etc
• The rich, the young determine market and products – specific consumers choice (Sport no news)
• What impact did the 20003 communications act have on media regulation?
• Introduced OFCOM
• Ensuring one is not dominating
• Independent television production companies were freed up to produce content that was more commercially available
• the production of programmings that lacks civic minded republicanism that have been fostered within the previous regulatory framework
• To get more individuals involved rather than a few dominating companies
• ‘Trouble is little accountability regarding actions to further citizens actions are forthcoming’
• Not strong enough enforcement
• What is the drawback of a self-regulated system?
• Those in the wrong are in charge – complain to adverting standers, the advertisers are in charge of it – cannot regulate yourself
• Voyeuristic tendency – consumer demand
• Millie Dowler lead to Leverson Inquiry – regulation is not enforced enough/not acceptable – neo -libral – allows freedom of choice
• PBS – Civic model not consumer – need BBC/unbiased truthful ect
• How do you regulate media content and organisations on a global scale?
• Tech Giants regulation
• Leaders to universally agree – responsibility

changing audience consumption patterns

Hesmondhalgh argues that its tricky to guarantee audience satisfaction as audiences taste in the media is constantly evolving

this can apply with no offence from the themes of the show trying to add more different representation to keep appealing to audiences who love crime shows. by having the different representation such as a more predominantly female cast along side with inclusive representation of people who suffer with down syndrome. this can expand to further audiences or catch more attention of previous crime show fans who might watch the show for personal representation or audiences who like more female representation in leading roles.

multisector intergration

Hesmondhalgh explains how media corporations can create cross brand profits in other production other than the original product

such as the killing and the made dv box set for it creates more profit. and the further cross promotion of the show on Netflix and channel 4 which links with multi sector integration.

Livingstone and Lunt

Q: What is the difference between a consumer based media regulation system and a citizen based regulation system?

citizen- based regulation= encourage media corporations to produce content that contributes to the social and cultural health of the societies in which they operate 

consumer based regulation= choices regarding content are largely devolved to audiences and where media makers are given as much freedom as possible to make the media that audiences want to consume

Q. What impact did the 2003 Communications Act have on media regulation?

tries to ensure that a single media organisation does not dominate the media landscape. but Livingstone and Lunt say “the act is too free and that there are very little accountability of citizens interests”. they’ve said the act was too light of an enforcement.

Q. What is the drawback of a self-regulated system?

companies can’t regulate themselves since what the public might complain is inappropriate the company might view as fine and there’s no laws or rules to hold them accountable. a good example of this is the Amanda Jane dowler incident.

Q. How do you regulate media content and organisations on a global scale?

to regulate on a global scale is tricky since its hard to choose who regulates who

neoliberalism

• the act can link to our case studies from what pattern of narrative all the case studies have. and how the reason for them all being so similar is on the public base interests gravitate toward the cliches or stereotypes. its a recipe that work so its away of garennting viewer ship and or profit back.

A consumer based media regulation system means that the people who consume the content give off a reaction which can be broken down by reception theory whether they agree, disagree or are unsure with a decision. Company’s can take the data and produce films that meet the desires and gratifications of the viewer for maximum profit.

A citizen based market allows the people to decide what they watch which would lead to specific topics/ sports/ tv shows being present with the availability for people like politicians to hide the truth and create a false reality. It would prevent important news from being broadcasted.

What impact did the 2003 Communications act have on media regulation?

Consumer based regulatory system that created the regulator Ofcom through the communications act by the labour government in 2003. This diluted the public service requirements of television broadcasting. As a result, Independent television production where freed up to produce content that was more commercially viable

Whats the draw back of a self regulated system?

In the production of programming that lacks the civic-minded republicanism that had been fostered within previous regulatory frameworks. Livingstone and Lunt argue that Ofcom ‘established institutional structures and roles relating to consumer policy. Strikingly, little equivalent activity or accountability was forthcoming regarding actions to further citizen interests’.

How do you regulate media content and organisations on a global scale?

Due to the absence of government guidance organisations are left to create their own moral and ethical codes. Some companies are stricter than others allowing some papers like the guardian to be more sexually explicit. Some reasons for this are the Code of conduct, audience-based factors, advertiser needs and institution-oriented factors.

what is the difference between a consumer based media regulation system and a citizen based regulation system?

citizen- based regulation= encourage media makers to produce content that contributes to the social and cultural health of the societies in which they operate

consumer based regulation= choices regarding content are largely devolved to audiences and where media makers are given as much freedom as possible to make the media that audiences want to consume

What impact did the 2003 Communications Act have on media regulation?

They bought in Ofcom and as a result television production companies produced content that was more commercially viable.

 What is the drawback of a self-regulated system?

Media companies may act upon their own interests which isn’t always the publics interests.

How do you regulate media content and organisations on a global scale?

what is the difference between a consumer based media regulation system ad a citizen based regulation system?

CONSUMER BASED: seeks to guarantee audience choice and promote product diversity. media makers are given as much freedom as possible to make the media that audiences want to consume.

CITIZEN BASED: argues that the media ought to play a significant role in shaping society and it citizens, more government controlled. citizen based regulatory systems outline a civic role for the media and encourages media makers to produce content that contributes to the social and cultural health of the societies in which they operate.

what was the impact of the 2003 communications act on media regulation?

as a result of the 2003 communications act ofcom was introduced independent production companies were freed up to produce content that was more commercially viable but this also resulted in the production of programming that lacks civic-minded republicanism.

what is the drawback of a self-regulated system?

it leaves production companies to decide their own ethical and moral codes, if you have a complaint against a company that is self regulated they will be biased towards themselves and you’re unlikely to see your complaint resolved. self regulated commercial producers are mindful of the impact that editorial content will have on advertising revenues, advertisers will place ads in products that match their own brand values and will pull advertising if content does not match their own ethical steer.

how do you regulate media and organisations on a global scale?

some global organisations/companies have created content vetting algorithms but there can be problems with this as the internet moves so fast and there are hundreds of thousands of uploads made every minute that they cant keep up and it can be a while until something that is not appropriate for the website to be taken down/regulated.

What is the difference between a consumer based media regulation system and a citizen based regulation system?

Consumer based media is focused on giving people what they want, there is an environment created in which audiences make judgments themselves about the kinds of media appropriate for their consumption. Citizen based media is a positive form of regulation that directs media content so that it can improve the lives of citizens and contribute to the well-being of wider society. This is used to ensure that the media isn’t flooded with shows/news that may be unnecessary or valuable to the public.

What impact did the 2003 Communications Act have on media regulation?

The 2003 Communications Act promoted independent television production by requiring the BBC and Channel 4 to create/commission more content from smaller production companies. This meant that individual television companies could grow and have more freedom when creating content which would allow their content to be more commercially viable. However, this resulted in the production of programming that lacks the civic-minded republicanism that had been adopted within previous regulatory frameworks.

What is the drawback of a self-regulated system?

Requirements for businesses/companies may not be met if people are able to self-regulate as there won’t be any real guidance on what is allowed and what isn’t, companies may not know what to target in order to reach their target audience if they have no guidance and are solely relying on their own opinions and ideas. It isn’t possible for a person to self-regulate their own company especially if they are a big company such as the BBC, everyone needs some guidance on a direction that companies should go on. Although it is good to have your own ideas and bring your own things into a business, it is also good to understand that there needs to be some guidance on what needs to be covered.

How do you regulate media content and organisations on a global scale?

Tech giants don’t author their own content, this is because user generated content is published which makes it impossible to prevent or properly check problematic material. Some companies have embedded content-vetting algorithms to automate their gate keeping processes, but they lack the standard to solve meaningful regulatory issues in a satisfactory way.

Q: What is the difference between a consumer based media regulation system and a citizen based regulation system?

Citizen based regulation- content contributes to the social & culture health of society

Consumer based regulation- content made based on what the audience want to watch

Q. What impact did the 2003 Communications Act have on media regulation?

The 2003 communications act was designed by the labor government, it helped the UK become competitive in the global market. It promoted independent services commissioned by the BBC. Brought in Ofcom- Company’s were freed up to create commercial content which meant there was less content to help society.

Q. What is the drawback of a self-regulated system?

The drawback of a self-regulated system is media company’s’ are left to produce their own moral and ethical codes which meant they were very varied. This is due to Neo liberalism

Q. How do you regulate media content and organisations on a global scale?

Use of a transnational organisational body eg EU, UN, etc, can make regulations collectively. Tech giants self regulate a lot of their content for example many platforms use terms of service to control what content is put out on their platforms.

1) What is the difference between a consumer based media regulation system and a citizen based regulation system?

Citizen based is about creating content that contributes to social and cultural health whereas Consumer based is where creators are given freedom to create what the audience wants.

2) What impact did the 2003 Communications Act have on media regulation?

To help the UK become competitive in the global market. It promoted independent services commissioned by the BBC. It needed to create content that was more commercially viable – but lacks civic-minded approach. Allowed for organisations to have little regulations through Ofcam.

‘little accountability for citizens interests’

3) What is the drawback of a self-regulated system?

Most companies have to construct their own codes. Limits on taboo subjects are not controlled such as The Daily Star that allow more sexually explicit content. This is due to Neoliberalism where people are allowed to do what they like.

4) How do you regulate media content and organisations on a global scale?

Organisations such as the UN or EU can collectively agree on certain regulations. Use terms of service to control the platforms.