Television

The two i’ve picked: No offence and The Killing

The Killing

A Danish tv programme that’s synopsis is ‘a crime series that follows the police investigation of the murder of a young girl. It interlocks three different stories.’ There is 44 episodes and was produced in Vancouver by Veena Sud it can fit into these genres: Serial, Drama, Mystery, Thriller, Crime film, Adventure, Crime Fiction, Action/Adventure and Police procedural. Stream on amazon prime or BBC but original broadcast was DR1. Denmark’s first television station.


Original UK air date
UK ratings (BBC Four)
1“Episode 1”7 January 20071,550,00022 January 2011472,000
CATEGORYFAMILIARITIESDIFFERENCESTHEORY
CHARACTERSthe detective who has a ‘natural’ instinct for law and orderThe Killing, The mising has the main detective as femalePROPP
NARRATIVEthe first episode often introduces a lot of different charactersThe missing girl was found dead in the first episode.TODOROV
THEMESthe use of binary oppositions around familiar themes: family, community, law and order, justice. identity. a female is the main hero.LEVI-STRAUSS
REPRESENTATIONreactionary representations of police, family, law and order, urban/ruralRadical gender roles and having a male sidekickSEMIOTICS
TECHNICAL CODES / LANGUAGE OF MOVING IMAGE (music, setting, props, lighting, use of camera, editing etc)opening montage sequence that often gives clues as to the whole series – themes, locations, characters, events etc.

  • Who is the primary, secondary and tertiary audience for this product?

The primary audience is people who speak Swedish or are Sweden because it is a language they would understand. Secondary could be Netflix watchers.

the character of Sarah Lund is a familiar detective stereotype and conforms to the concept of the celebrity detective

No Offence

No Offence is a British television police procedural drama on Channel 4, created by Paul Abbott. It follows a team of detectives from Friday Street police station, a division of the Manchester Metropolitan Police (a fictional version of the Greater Manchester Police). Channel 4

  • No Offence was broadcast on France2 the public service broadcaster, to very high viewing figures; the perceived weakness of French broadcast TV provides opportunities for export.
    • the series’ focus on the detective narrative and crime drama is familiar and understood globally, the representation of the independent, female detective has proven popularity.

CSP 14 and 4: TV

Deutschland 83 and Capital

Capital:

Media Language:

– A complex mainstream television product in which the codes and conventions of crime drama are intertwined with aspects of social realism

Media representation:

– Capital provides a wide range of representational areas to explore; the family, place, nation, class, ethnicity, race and issues.

– Explore the Steve Neale’s representation theory

– It is within the hybrid genre – drama, social realism and
crime genres

– Representation of place – London and by implication, the nation

– Analysis of how the representations convey values, attitudes and beliefs about the world

Media Industries:

– Capital is a BBC programme

– It fulfils the demand of public service broadcasting

– It has a purpose to ‘inform, educate and entertain’ and could be seen as part of the need to represent different groups, nations and regions.

– Capital is a Kudos production for the BBC, an independent company which also produces
successful programmes for other broadcasters.

– Kudos specialises in TV series which can be sold or remade for the US market, making it
typical of contemporary media institutions which operate globally rather than nationally

Media Audiences:

– The production, distribution and circulation of Capital shows how audiences can be reached, both on a national and global scale, through different media technologies and platforms, moving from the national to transnational through broadcast and digital technologies

– Follows Gerbner’s cultivation theory

– Follows Hall’s reception theory

– The way in which different audience interpretations reflect social, cultural and historical circumstances is evident in the analysis of Capital which is explicitly linked to contemporary issues.

– The advertising campaigns (trailers, websites at home and abroad) for the series demonstrate how media producers target, attract and potentially construct audiences

Deutschland 83:

Narrative:

– How does the use of the narrative conventions of the spy thriller and crime drama – use of enigmas, binary oppositions, restricted and omniscient narration etc. – position the
audience?

– The narrative of Deutschland 83 has been controversial – particularly in Germany -through its use of binary oppositions to contrast East and West Germany

– The role of the hero and effect of audience alignment with Martin Rauch, a Stasi Officer

– The narrative of Deutschland 83 can be defined as postmodern in its self-reflexive style

– Narratology including Todorov

Genre:

– Conventions of the TV series and the way in which this form is used to appeal to
audiences

– Definition of the series as belonging to the spy thriller genre

– Conventions of the period drama and reasons for its popularity

– Analysing the use of specific genres to discuss wider issues in society

– Genre theory including Neale

Media Representations:

– Representation of national and regional identity (East and West Germany (Europe))

– Representation of gender: male hero and spy, the female ‘love interest’ etc., the way
characters signify wider issues in society.

– Analysis of how the representations convey values, attitudes and beliefs about the world –
both contemporary and past.

– Theories of representation including Hall

– Feminist theories including bell hooks and Van Zoonen (role of women)

Media Industries:

– It is a co-production of AMC Networks’ SundanceTV and RTL Television (German and
American), positioning it to exploit the national and global market.

– Bought by C4 in Britain as part of their ‘Walter presents…’

– Cultural industries including Hesmondhalgh

Media Audiences:

– The production, distribution and circulation of Deutschland 83 shows how audiences can be reached, both on a national and global scale, through different media technologies and platforms, moving from the national to transnational through broadcast and digital technologies.

– The way in which different audience interpretations reflect social, cultural and historical circumstances is evident in the analysis of the series which are explicitly linked to contemporary issues.

– The reception of the series in Germany, Europe and the US

– The advertising campaigns (trailers, websites at home and abroad) for the series demonstrate how media producers target, attract and potentially construct audiences.

– Cultivation theory including Gerbner

– Reception theory including Hall

Research

– Commercial media = organisation that makes or distributes products for economic gain. Media is usually made for entertainment purposes

– BBC creates a total revenue of £115 million = https://www.bbc.co.uk/annualreport/2014/executive/finances/commercial.html

– Kudos creates £5m in commercial interest rates = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kudos_(production_company)

– Horizontal Integration = BBC has horizontal integration with BBC News, BBC radio 1

– Endemol Shine Productions UK bought out and now own Kudos the production company

– Vertical integration = BBC has vertical integration with CBBC, BBC 1, BBC 2, BBC 3 and BBC news

– Media concentration/convergence = describes the reduction in the number of media organisations that produce products

– Media concentration/convergence = Kudos is owned by Endemol Shine Group UK, who are under the News Corp, who are then under Murdoch and his empire.

no offence and the killing analysis

The Killing

The Killing is an American crime drama television series that premiered 2007 , on AMC, based on the Danish television series Forbrydelsen (The Crime). 

film was originally danish, however was reproduced in April 3, 2011, in english language – this helped target a more national and global audience, as it gained a larger audience through having a recreating in a different language.

No Offfence

No Offence is a British television police procedural drama on Channel 4, created by Paul Abbott. It follows a team of detectives from Friday Street police station, a division of the Manchester Metropolitan Police (a fictional version of the Greater Manchester Police). Looks at social issues in Manchester

  • produced by Paul Abbots company AbbottVision – an independent company – Paul Abbots also wrote the shameless ( an American comedy drama.
  • deals with a range of social, cultural and politcal issues arising from comtemporay contexts. – the Manchester police force is used as a microcosm of society – focus of case featuring children with downs syndrome explores the position of people with disabilities in wider society.
  • The economic context can be explored through
  • patterns of ownership and production and how the product is marketed nationally and globally.in the uk, first e.p was launched with 2.5 million viewers – aired on Channel 4 (Biggest mid week drama for around 3 years)
  • the series average remained at 2.5 million and finished 47% up on channel 4s slot average
  • In France, the first episode was launched in 2016, feb 26th on the channel France 2 – watched by 5.46 million viewers , 20.4% of tv audience.
  • tv series that shows codes and conventions of the police procedural crime drama – combined with aspects of social realism
  • genre = crime – allows students to be educated as it enables us to understand and reflect on the dynamic nature of genre.
  • miss en scene ( arrange of props, scenery etc)
  • provides a wide range of representational areas to explore: gender, location, city, race etc (represents Manchester and its implications of crime.
  • The advertising campaigns (trailers, websites at home and abroad) for the series demonstrate how media producers target, attract and potentially construct audiences – we can link this to Cultivation theory (Gerbner)

cast:

Joanna Scanlan – a cast iron cop

Elaine Cassidy – a strong yet impulsive member of the team

Alexandra Roach – equally brillant detective

CATEGORYSIMILARITIESDIFFERENCESTHEORY
CHARACTERS– They both have female detectives
– both have a similar instinct on the case
(The Killing) has the main detective as female
PROPP ( presenting areas of stock charaters)
– both present a stock character of. hero and a villian
NARRATIVE(The killing) found out she was dead at start, normally they are found dead at the endTODOROV/CHATMAN/TODOROV
– both series use key themes to structure stories and characters around themes of family, community, law and order and justice.
THEMESThe killing – murder story
No Offence – police team is dedicated to enforcing law and justice in a criminal ridden area. ( Manchester)
identityLEVI-STRAUSS
REPRESENTATIONradical response- the detectives are females, normally seen as males.PIERCE / BARTHES / SAUSSURE (SEMIOTICS)
radical and reactionary representation of police, family, law and order – this is seen through a range of signs from audio, visual graphics, narrative etc.
TECHNICAL CODES / LANGUAGE OF MOVING IMAGE (music, setting, props, lighting, use of camera, editing etc)clues are identified throughout the series

curran and seaton

  • power without responsibility is concerned ( media landscapes has fallen under the control of global media conglomerates )

creaitivity vs commericality

  • media industry is driven by the force of creativity and business
  • media creatives – writers, directors, photographers – tasked to give us exciting athesticaly pleasing products
  • media business managers –

are curran and seaton right in suggesting that mass audience products tend to be sanitised or lightweight?

conglomerate advanatages

  • argue that prohibitive costs and risks associated with the production of media products has resulted in the organisation of media companies into vertically and horizontally aligned conglomerates.

COMMERICAL MEDIA – an organisation that makes or distributes products for economic gain. – makes profit for entertainment purposes.

No offence production company (abbotvison, an independent television production company) aired the programme on channel 4, making a profit of

horizontal integration = no offen was made by a independent production company called abbottvison, and has then aired onto the company channel 4.

vertically integration =

the killing: the produced by DR in coproduction with ZDF enterprises ( media company in minz germany)

no offence:

media concentration and media convergence =

The Killing is a detective crime drama that originally premiered on AMC. After two seasons AMC decided to cancel the series, but after a renegotiation between FOX and Netflix

CSP 14 & 4: TELEVISION

The Killing:

Birger Larsen director

Main cast :

The primary audience, is Swedish people as the series in spoken in swedish.

The secondary audience, In the wake of the successful series, The Killing became another Scandinavian crime hit with British viewers when it was shown on in the spring of 2011. Although subtitled, it attracted more viewers than, scored audience appreciation figures of 94%, and has been described as “the best series currently on TV”. The success has created an interest in all things Danish, and the female detective’s  has been the subject of newspaper articles as well as becoming a sought after online item.

The tertiary audience, As well as the UK, DR also sold the series to a number of other broadcasters worldwide, and The Killing was eventually shown in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Germany, Japan, Russia and Spain with varying degrees of success.

Organisations: Produced by DR in co-production with ZDF Enterprises.

Audience theories: Reception theory Stuart Hall … A more conservative audience may respond negatively to the Swedish liberal attitudes to sex, … To Sofie Gråbøl’s sweatered detective in ‘The Killing.

Definitions:

Production = These are the stages that are created in order to produce a finished piece of media.

Distribution = Refers to how the media source is given to its audience (ie online, DVD, videos and E-Books).

Exhibition = This is how the media source is shown to the audience, such as through a tablet screen or a cinema screen.

What organisations (rather than individuals) are involved in the production, distribution & exhibition of this product?

Who is behind the Production?

  • There are two versions of this programme: one developed in the US by Netflix and Fox Television Studios and another developed in Danish by Danish production company DR in collaboration with ZDF Enterprises.
  • Originally, before the programme was taken over by Fox Television Studios and Netflix, it was produced by a production company called DR in collaboration with ZDF Enterprises.
  • The American version of this TV series was originally created by Veena Sud, it was also produced by Fox Television Studios in collaboration with Fuse Entertainment and later taken over by Netflix

How was “The Killing” Distributed?

  • In January 2007, it was broadcasted on Danish television for the first time.
  • Since being broadcasted on Danish television, it has also been distributed to many countries worldwide.
  • There has been many TV shows based on “The Killing” and it has both a Danish and English (US) version.
  • The English US version is available on Netflix and the Danish version is available online on Amazon.

What audience theories can be made from this TV show?

Stuart Hall’s theory of reception can be linked to this TV series as there will be 3 types of people: the people who love the series and want to continue watching it, people who may like the series but prefer a different programme and those people who absolutely despise the TV show and prefer to watch an alternative. However, it can be argued that George Gerbner’s cultivation theory can be applied to this TV show as some people may despise it, however, their views might change overtime the more that they see advertisements of the TV show and the more that they hear about people liking the TV show.

Audiences

Primary audience = this would be people who speak and understand Danish as this programme is produced in Danish and would want to watch the TV series again.

Secondary audience = these would be people such as critics and people who aren’t likely to watch the film, however they want to analyse the aspects that go into the TV programme.

Tertiary audience = these are the people that do not want to watch the TV show and they are only watching it because there is a theme that interests them. The tertiary audience for “The Killing” would be people who do not speak/understand Danish and people who like TV shows in the mystery genre. The tertiary audience would not want to re-watch the series again ,unlike the primary audience.

No Offense:

AbbottVision

No Offence is a mainstream television series in which the codes and conventions of the police
procedural crime drama are intertwined with aspects of social realism. Detailed analysis of this
media form including the process through which media language develops as genre will
provide students with an opportunity to understand and reflect on the dynamic nature of genre.

Plot:

Single mother Dinah Kowalska, an off duty detective constable, pursues a murder suspect through the streets of Manchester, only for him to get knocked down and killed by a bus.

Curran & Seaton:

writers directors actors and photographers are tasked to give us exciting innovative and aesthetically pleasing products. while thise we call medias business managers are responsible for ensuring the profitability and comercial viability of products.

culture is controlled by social elites: media is controlled by a minority of wealthy institutions often work for the benefits of themselves

Commercial media: An organisation that makes or distrubutes products for ecenomic gains (Profit).

In the UK, the first episode of No Offence launched with 2.5 million viewers, Channel 4‘s biggest midweek drama launch for more than three years.

Horizontal integration: ownership of subsidiaries that produce similar types of products.

Vertical integration: ownership of subsidaries that enable a media producer to produce, promote and distribute products.

Media concentration/media convergence: A term used to describe the reduction in the number of media organisations that produce products.

Hesmondhalghcase Studies
Star formatting No offence directed by Paul Abbott is also well known for directing shameless.
The killing is directed by Birger Larsen who is well known for his award winning film Dance of the polar Bears.
Changing audience consumption patternsNo offence originally only viewable on channel 4 is now available to view on all 4 at all times.
The Killing is now available to view on Amazon Prime video.
Genre based formatting Both No offence and The killing have females portraying detectives as the lead role on their series.

What is the difference between a consumer based media regulation system and a citizen based regulation system?

consumer based media regulation is designed principally to encourage media plurality and to ensure that a diversity of broadcasters operate within the media landscape. Allows audiences to be able to access a broad range of content, opinions and ideas. (What you want).

Citizen based regulation is maintaining acceptable standards of content. Content makers are tasked to ensure that accuracy is maintained. (what you need)

What impact did the 2003 Communications Act have on media regulation?

  • Allowed consumer based regulation to dominate the media landscape
  • superseded the Telecommunications Act 1984
  • Created Ofcom. trying to ensure that the media landscape is not dominated by a single organisation.
  • Ofcom established institutional structures and roles relating to consumer policy. strikingly little equivalent activity or accountability was forthcoming regarding actions to further citizen interests.
  • independent television companies were freed up to produce content that was more commercially viable.
  • lacks the civic minded republicanism that had been fostered within previous regulatory frameworks.

What is the drawback of a self-regulated system?

  • Allows for wider variety in the media landscape
  • Freedom to say and do whatever you want
  • newspapers and advertisers are self regulated
  • ‘Get away with anything’
CATEGORYFAMILIARITIES: from your chosen CSP’sDIFFERENCES:
from your chosen CSP’s
THEORY
CHARACTERSBoth lead roles are females.
Both detectives.
One is from Sweden.
One is from England
PROPP, presents the idea of STOCK CHARACTERS, inc ‘hero’, ‘false hero’,
Within both shows both lead characters are portrayed as heroes as they are trying to solve a murder as they are detectives.
NARRATIVE
THEMES
REPRESENTATION
TECHNICAL CODES / LANGUAGE OF MOVING IMAGE (music, setting, props, lighting, use of camera, editing etc)