Jurgen Habermas (public sphere)- the public sphere is a place for us people to meet and discuss what we have in common, it’s a place for people with the same interests to discuss things they’re interested in.

James curran and Jean Seaton (theory of liberal free press)– the theory that the press should be free and not heavily dominated by large company money crazy conglomerates. We should be watchdogs filtering out info and deciding for ourselves what we believe in and not just believing in anything we see. Some companies are independent and post what they like however a lot are controlled by large conglomerates making them take a bias view in order to cultivate their audiences.

Noam Chompsky (5 filters that manufacture consent)- manufacturing consent is the act of getting us, the audience to agree with the dominant ideology spread by the media/whoever is trying to get their message across. 1- is ownership and how all the big conglomerates own everything, 2- how things are advertised i.e we will be cultivated into agreeing if we see it enough, 3 – the media elite, these are the people who choose what is shared and posted making us believe what they want, 4- flak this happens to anyone trying to go against this system and they will be labelled with flak making them seem less credible and lastly 5 – is the common enemy to make you believe you have the same goal and through this enemy they can make you think you’re doing the right thing. I.e 9/11 made Muslims the common enemy so they were discriminated.

Louis Althusser ( interpellation and ISA)– Ideological state apparatus are the social things around us i.e the media, school, family, friends ans state and they shape us into what we are today and conform us using their values. They interpellate us into what they expect us to be using the ISA.

Antonio Gramsci (hegemony/ hegemonic struggle) – the power those in charge over us have and how they can cultivate their audiences into believing/doing things, i.e a famous artist could sing about racial inequality to raise attention and due to their hegemony their audiences could follow. The hegemonic struggle is the act of us people defying and not following what the media and people in charge say and us being watchdogs and filtering our info.