• narratives are made of many things : sound,image,text,etc…
• follow a theme
• usually linear + sequential
• narratives tell stories through linear communication

MOMENTO

• there isn’t a clear narrative
• repeats itself
• narrative is fragmented – just like momento with Leonard’s condition
• inconsistent narrative (jumps from present to future)

CLAUDE LEVI-STRAUSSE

• narrative based on binary opposition
• good vs evil
• key themes create a set of messages which the audience can decode and understand
• audience can make judgments about characters

ELISION AND ELLIPSIS

• some elements are missing
• not linear, not real time
• flashbacks and flash forwards

• parallel / simultaneous narrative
• makes audience fill in the gaps (E and E)

• dramatic irony (telling audience something characters don’t know)
• foreshadowing
• use of light and shade (contrast)

BARTHES

• proairetic code – action, movenment
• hermenuetic code – reflection, dialogue, character development
• enigma code – way intrigue ideas are raised