1. Pastiche- an artistic work in a style that imitates that of another work, artist, or period.
2. Parody- is a work or performance that imitates another work or performance with ridicule or irony
3. Bricolage- something constructed or created from a diverse range of things.
4. Intertextuality- the relationship between texts, especially literary ones.
5. Metanarrative- a narrative about narratives of historical meaning, experience, or knowledge, which offers a society legitimation through the anticipated completion of a (as yet unrealized) master idea.
6. Hyperreality-  is an inability of consciousness to distinguish reality from a simulation of reality, especially in technologically advanced postmodern societies.
7. Simulacrum – an image or representation of someone or something.
8. Conumerist Society- A consumerist society is one in which people devote a great deal of time, energy, resources and thought to “consuming”. 
9. Fragmentary Identities-
10. Implosion- a sudden failure or collapse of an organization or system.
11. cultural appropriation-  is the adoption of an element or elements of one culture by members of another culture. 
12. Reflexivity- Reflexivity generally refers to the examination of one’s own beliefs, judgments and practices 

Postmodernism

• Postmodernism can be understood as a philosophy that is characterised by concepts such as RE-IMAGINING, PASTICHE, PARODY, COPY, BRICOLAGE.
• Intertextuality: surface signs, gestures & play: huker notes, two points are frequently made about music videos: ‘their preoccupation with visual style, and associated with this, their status as key exemplars of ‘postmodern’ texts.’ 
• If it the priority is play, then the emphasis is on the surface, in other words, if the main focus is the idea of just connecting one product to another, then the focus is superficial, shallow, lacking depth, so ‘in a postmodern world, surfaces and style become the most important defining features of the mass media and popular culture‘
• the focus on FRAGMENTATION OF IDENTITY is characterised and linked to an increase of consumption and the proliferation of new forms of digital technologies. In effect, another key characteristic of postmodernism is the development of fragmented, alienated individuals living (precariously) in fragmented societies.
• Putting it very simply, the transition from substance to style is linked to a transition from production to consumption.
• The loss of a metanarrative: This links to Jean-Francois Lyotard’s proposition that postmodernism holds an ‘incredulity towards meta-narratives‘ those overarching ideas, attitudes, values and beliefs that have held us together in a shared belief, For example, the belief in religion, science, capitalism, communism, revolution, war, peace and so on.
•  the French intellectual Jean Baudrillard would describe as IMPLOSION which gives rise to what he terms SIMULACRA. The idea that although the media has always been seen as a representation of reality – a simulation, from Baudrillard’s perspective of implosion, it is has become more than a representation or simulation and it has become SIMULACRUM not just a representation of the real, but the real itself, a grand narrative that is ‘truth‘ in its own right: an understanding of uncertain/certainty that Baudrillard terms the HYPERREAL.
•  a hyperreality– Another way to understand this approach is to reflect on the emergence of, often off-shore, leisure and theme parks which are ‘highly commercialised, with many simulated environments more ‘real’ than the original from which they are copied’