Pastiche is a work of art, drama, literature, music, or architecture that imitates the work of a previous artist

Intertextuality surface signs, gestures, and play suggest signs only have meaning in reference to other signs and that meaning is, therefore, a complex process of decoding/encoding with individuals both taking and creating meaning in the process of reading texts. 

Hyperreality is the inability to distinguish reality from a simulation of reality especially when we consider technologically advanced postmodern societies.

Fragmentary Identities are the development of fragmented individuals living in fragmented societies.

Implosion is the societal perspective that the ‘real’ seems to be imploding in on itself to which becomes a process leading to the collapse of boundaries between the real and simulations

Parody is a work or performance that imitates another work or performance with ridicule or irony

Bricolage is a collection or collage of different media text which forms one text.

Meta-narrative overarching ideas, attitudes, values and beliefs that have held us together in a shared belief, For example, the belief in religion, science, capitalism, communism, revolution, war, peace and so on

The simulacrum is an image or representation of someone or something

Consumerist society is a society of which people use time, energy, resources and thought to simply “consuming”

cultural appropriation is the inclusion/taking of one element or elements of one culture by others of a different culture

Reflexivity refers to the examination of one’s own beliefs, judgments and practices during the research process and how these may have influenced the research. If positionality refers to what we know and believe then reflexivity is about what we do with this knowledge.