From a race and ethnicity point of view:

Orientalism:

• Orientalism is the imitation or depiction of aspects in the Eastern world. These depictions are usually done by writers, designers, and artists from the West.
• An approach to thinking
• Edward Said– Wrote books on Orientalism
• Jacques Lacan– The Mirror Stage
• Louis Althusser– Ideological state apparatus (ISA)
• Antonio Gramsci– Hegemony- The tug of war for power
• Paul Gilroy– Writes about double consciousness
• W. E. B Du Bois- Writes about double consciousness

Paul Gilroy:

Paul Gilroy says that ‘we must become interested in how the literary and cultural as well as governmental dynamics of the country have responded to that process of change and what it can tell us about the place of racism in contemporary political culture.’ (2004:13) His theme of Double Consciousness, derived from W. E. B. Dubois, involves ‘Black Atlantic’ striving to be both European and Black through their relationship to the land of their birth and their ethnic political constituency.