- religion prevents acceptance of sexuality
- representation – females
- lens of feminist critical thinking
- happens in s structural level (companies, organisations ect)
- also happens at a textual level (individual images, film ect.)
- radical and reactionary, draw on different ideas
- toril moi said:
- Feminist = a political position
- Female = a matter of biology
- Feminine = a set of culturally defined characteristics
- power of image
- laura maulvey – visual pleasure & narrative cinema
- movement can re enforce gender stereotypes
- signs communicate objectification of women
- the male gaze, the signs of visual pleasure
- ‘woman as image, man as bearer of the look,’
- imbalanced power, we can see through narrative cinema
- “pleasure in looking has been split between active/male passive/female.”
- constructs a male fantasy – no truth in female representation, they are coded for strong visual & erotic impact
- scopophilia – pleasure in looking
- frioden psychology: looking is voyeurism – the sexual pleasure gained in looking
- fetishism – cutting out certain parts to draw focus to something
- She draws from Jacques Lacan: child development – when a child understands they are a person, a moment of consciousness
- when a person looks in a mirror & sees themselves & understand it is them (mirror stage)
- this connects to the media in which we see ourselves in characters
- what we see is only a reflection, a mirror image
- ‘a complex process of likeness and difference‘
- Sut Jhally – music videos has unlimited sexualisation, convents of pornography
- masculinity and femininity are constructions
- women representation is related to domestic abuse
- accepting normative values is problematic
- deconstruction of music video can reveal sexism, racism ect.
- over exploitive representation of female
- first wave of feminism – suffragettes
- second wave of feminism – 60s & 70s, society is made around male desire
- third wave of feminism – women who are younger who believes in plurality, more alert, and can use power for good
- fourth wave of feminism – defined by technology
- raunch culture – ariel levy
- see sexuality as a movement of power
- performers believe they are powerful owners of their sexuality
- they can use their body in a way of liberation – empowering themselves, their gender etc
- intersectionality: queer theory
- not essentialist or reductionist, a pluralistic approach
- judith butler – perform – acting, performative- produces a seis of effects
- gender is socially constructed
- prioritise your individual agency
- bell hooks – politics of difference
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