1. COLONIALISM: practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country and then occupying it with settlers and exploiting it economically.
2. POST COLONIALISM: academic study of colonialism and imperialism
3. DIASPORA: A large group of people with similar heritage or homeland that have spread around the world.
4. BAME: used to refer to non-white communities in the UK ie, minority groups.
5. DOUBLE CONSCIOUSNESS (GILROY): the internal conflict of a minority in society
6. CULTURAL ABSOLUTISM / RACIAL ESSENTIALISM: The assumption that one persons cultural norms and values take more importance over others.
7. CULTURAL SYNCRETISM: Different cultures merging and coming together to create something new in a positive way.
8. ORIENTALISM (SAID): The way that the Middle East is viewed.
9. APPROPRIATION: the adoption of elements from one culture by members of a different culture.
10. CULTURAL HEGEMONY: domination maintained through ideological or cultural means
11. THE PUBLIC SPHERE (HABERMAS): a realm of our social life in which a public opinion can be formed.
12. THE ROLE OF PUBLIC SERVICE BROADCASTING IN TERMS OF FAIR REPRESENTATION OF MINORITY GROUPS / INTERESTS: Public service broadcasting eg, the news, is often biased when representing minority groups which causes society to adopt stereotypes and misunderstandings of these groups as they are under-represented.

Postcolonialism is the study of colonialism and the human consequences it has caused today of the control and exploitation of colonized people and their lands.

Theorists

Syncretism, double consciousness (the idea that you can be black and british or black and American etc) & hybridisation – these words are mechanisms for understanding cross-cultural identities.

People who write about this are Paul Gilroy (a British black academic)

He talked about double consciousness which is a term that came from W. E. B. Dubois meaning being black and british. He also talk s about ‘the place of racism in contemporary political culture.’

COLONIALISM – The policy of a country/ nation attempting to retain or extend its current authority over other territories or people – Usually for economic terms.

POST COLONIALISM – The political/ Cultural condition of a previous colony, the lasting impact of colonization in former colonies.

DIASPORA – The spread or dispersion of any people from their original homeland.

BAME – Black, Asian, and minority ethnic (used to refer to members of non-white communities in the UK). (Even though many have been a part of UK culture since Roman times)

DOUBLE CONSCIOUSNESS – Looking at ones self through the eyes of others – An identity which is divided into several parts. (2nd Video) Or similarly someone cane be ‘Black British’ or ‘Black American’ – Dual identity.

CULTURAL ABSOLUTISM – The assumption that one persons (e.g ones own) cultural norms and values take precedence over others. e.g the ideals of Nazi Germany.

CULTURAL SYNCRETISM – When distinct aspects of different cultures blend together to make something new and unique. Since culture is a wide category, this blending can come in the form of religious practices, architecture, philosophy, recreation, and even food.

ORIENTALISM (SAID) – The acceptance in the West of “the basic distinction between East and West as the starting point for elaborate theories.

APPROPRIATION – Taking a theory, idea, object or even culture and giving it a meaning different from its original. e.g “Honoring” other cultures through stereotypical depictions of them.

CULTURAL HEGEMONY – Refers to domination or rule maintained through ideological or cultural means. It is usually achieved through social institutions, which allow those in power to strongly influence the values, norms, ideas, expectations, worldview, and behavior of the rest of society. E.g Governments/ Royalty

Hybridisation – (mechanism for understanding cross-cultural identities)

THE PUBLIC SPHERE (HABERMAS) – society can globally communicate via the media and share opinions rather than being completely controlled by those higher up such as royalty or the government.

THE ROLE OF PUBLIC SERVICE BROADCASTING IN TERMS OF FAIR REPRESENTATION OF MINORITY GROUPS / INTERESTS –  The BBC’s own research indicates that it is failing to attract ethnic minority audiences (BBC Service Review 2012). Theorists such as Hall have suggested the problem is the media construction of “race” as an issue and its definitions. PBS’s such as the BBC lack representation of minority groups, although claiming they do represent ethnic groups fairly, there is a clear difference between those ‘dominant’ ethnic groups and those who may be considered as a ‘minority’ group.

Notes –

Cultural Absolutism can expressed in Commons letter to the free music video and the lyrics ‘We ain’t seen as human beings with feelings, will the US ever be us? Lord Willing!’ which can also be linked to the theory of Double consciousness.

Theorists –

Edward Said – Orientalism is a 1978 book by  Edward W. Said, in which the author developed the idea of “Orientalism” to define the West’s historically patronizing representations of “The East”.

WE.B. Du Bois – Coined the term Double Consciousness.

Paul Gilroy – (Key Course Theorist) Gilroy’s 1993 book The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness, Gilroy’s theme of Double Consciousness involves Black Atlantic striving to be both European and Black through their relationship to the land of their birth and their ethnic political constituency being absolutely transformed.

Lenny Henry – Guardian article.

I still think that these right need to be fought for, as even though the BBC director, Tony Hall, may have started a ‘fund’ in order to train those who want to be a part of this career/ life, It may not be training they need but jobs. Although representation of different cultures and races has improved through the years, the BBC still has quite a long way to go.

Colonialism – when a country/nation takes control of other lands/regions

Post colonialism – academic study of colonialism and imperialism

Diaspora – big group of people with similar heritage that have spread around the world

Double consciousness (gilroy) – internal conflict of a minority in society

Bame – used to refer to non-white communities in the UK

Cultural absolutism / racial essentialism – cultures do not differ in honesty or intelligence levels

Cultural syncretism – distinct aspects of various cultures mixing together together to form something positive

Orientalism (said) – The way in which the east is viewed

Appropriation – the adoption of elements of one culture by members of another culture

Cultural hegemony – domination maintained through ideological or cultural means

The public sphere (habermas) – a place where the public can come together and opinions can be formed

The role of public service broadcasting in terms of fair representation of minority groups / interests – Public service broadcasting is mostly biased when representing minority groups which causes society to develop stereotypes and misunderstandings

How is our identity formed? How do we understand our own identity and how is our identity represented in the local, national and global media? 

The Shadow of Slavery. Reaction and reform. The emergence of Postcolonial critical thinking.

ORIENTALISM:

The Link between culture, imperial power & colonialism

the power to narrate, or to block other narratives from forming or emerging, is very important to culture and imperialism

 POSTCOLONIALISM operates a series of signs maintaining the European-Atlantic power over the Orient by creating ‘an accepted grid for filtering through the Orient into Western consciousness‘.