public opinion was formed and ‘popular’ supervision of the government was established.

Habermas public sphere public interest

public sphere: public began to interact and form protests to challenge people with higher power e.g. government.

connecting people horizontally rather than vertically which was usually someone in controll who had power e.g. monarch

the idea began through connecting in coffee shops(community spaces) people communicated through leaflets that used to be left in the coffee shops.

leaflets then go through mass production and big companies then start publishing news papers this occurred in the industrial revolution this was the change in the media that we know today.

Habermas believes that democracy depends on a public which is informed, aware and which debates the issues of the day.

Habermass believes that the mass media has resulted in a reduction in PLURALITY there are fewer voices discussing the news

he also believes that the mass media and globalisation has reduced the effectiveness of the public sphere.

‘normative framework is a fundamental presumption that the media do serve the public interest or general welfare whether by decision or chance’.

how do we benefit everyone in society? public control or deregulation: everyone controlling the media (extension of the free market)

curran public service solution