news coincides and reinforces the definition of the political situation evolved by the political elite

a view that sees large cooperation and medias cooperation working hand in dove

the propaganda model that the media ‘serve to mobilize support for the special interest that dominate the state and private activity’ Chomsky 1988

Chomsky was an American linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, historian, social critic, and political activist. Famous for his theory published in the book Manufacturing Consent.

Manufacturing Consent is a book by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky. They proposes that mass communication media of the U.S. “are effective and powerful ideological institutions that carry out a system-supportive propaganda function, by reliance on market forces, internalized assumptions, and self-censorship, and without overt coercion”, Meaning propaganda is a modal of communication.

Technology and Newspapers
Production	Distribution	Consumption
Reporter/Journalist Pen/Pencil/paper/word processor/ printer/telephone editors photographers printers audio recorder camera editing software	large scale printing press lorries/vans/cars stacks/shelves/display cases subscription app/website marketing – adverts data/ shares # persuasion/manipulation/ governments support invested interest	Paper Phone/Tablet/computer/laptop – digital device ability to read

Technology and Newspapers
Production	Distribution	Consumption
printing press, advertisements, stories, articles, opinions, telephone, audio recorder, camera, editing software, money, government,	printing press, lorries, vans,cars,aeroplanes,drones,shelfs	paper, reading ability,

Cover of the first edition
Authors	Edward S. HermanNoam Chomsky
Country	United States
Language	English
Subject	Media of the United States
Publisher	Pantheon Books
Publication date	1988
Media type	Print (Hardcover, Paperback)
ISBN	0-375-71449-9
OCLC	47971712
Dewey Decimal	381/.4530223 21
LC Class	P96.E25 H47 2002
Preceded by	The Fateful Triangle: The United States, Israel, and the Palestinians
Followed by	Necessary Illusions

Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media is a 1988 book by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky, in which the authors propose that the mass communication media of the U.S. “are effective and powerful ideological institutions that carry out a system-supportive to promote a political cause or point of view., by reliance on market forces, internalised assumptions, and self-censorship, and without overt coercion”, by means of the propaganda model of communication. The title derives from the phrase “the manufacture of consent,” employed in the book Public Opinion (1922), by Walter Lippmann (1889–1974).The consent referred to is consent of the governed.

The book was revised 20 years after its first publication to take account of developments such as the fall of the Soviet Union. There has been debate about how the Internet has changed the public’s access to information since 1988.

useful video to explain more clearly what’s written above

http://www.openculture.com/2017/03/an-animated-introduction-to-noam-chomskys-manufacturing-consent.html

manufactoring concent

So how does this process of ‘manipulation’ or ‘persuasion’ work?

1. Structures of ownership-companies advertise their products for you to buy. The government may advertise for you to do something e.g. propaganda (sign up for war).
2. The role of advertising-Media costs more than consumers will pay: Advertisers fill the gap. Advertisers buy the audience off the media to sell more products. The media as a whole isn’t just selling products to you but they are also selling to advertises with you as the product.
3. Links with ‘The Establishment’
4. Diversionary tactics – ‘flack’
5. Uniting against a ‘common enemy’–

agenda setting- Agenda-setting is the creation of public awareness and concern of the big issues by the news media. The media attempts to influence viewers, and establish a hierarchy of news importance. 

1. Two basic ideas underpin agenda-setting:
   1. the press and the media do not reflect reality; they filter and shape it
   2. media concentrates on a few issues and subjects leads the public to perceive those issues as more important than other issues.
   3. examples are: Brexit
      Immigration
      Terrorism
      Paedophiles
      The internet/hackers/grooming
      
      

1. framing–

1. media myth making-
2. conditions of consumption-

Technology and Newspapers
Production	Distribution	Consumption
Printers Editing Software Computers/Devices Printer Word software Large-scale printing press Backup area – store the papers/ stories Stationary – pen,pencil,paper Audio Recorder Digital Camera Journalist/ photographers	Printing Press Veichles to transport papers Shops to sell papers	Paper – the physical thing The ability to read ans understand the content Digital devices

 To “manufacture consent” is to create a system in which citizens become willing and obedient, consenting and unquestioning. views private media is businesses interested in the sale of a product—readers and audiences—to other businesses (advertisers) rather than that of quality news to the public. The audience doesn’t question the papers sources or ideas, simply consuming everything presented to them.

Quotes – Noam Chomsky theory based

‘Normally, news coincides with and reinforces the definition of the political situation evolved by the political elite’.

‘The result was that the media amplified elite disagreements in unsettling and unpredicatable ways’.

‘Major media conglomerates control more and more of the worlds media. Where media isn’t controlled by coporations, it is controlled by the state’.

‘The media ‘serve to moblilize support for the special interest that dominate the state and private industry’.

Technology and Newspapers
Production	Distribution	Consumption
Journalist editors photographers producers writers        printers editing software	delivery drivers subscriptions lorries, vans, cars, boats website app	Phones tablets paper shops stands computer

Noam Chomsky on manufacturing consent

Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media is a 1988 book by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky, in which the authors propose that the mass communication media of the U.S. “are effective and powerful ideological institutions that carry out a system-supportive propaganda function, by reliance on market forces, internalised assumptions, and self-censorship, and without overt coercion”.

Propaganda is information that is used primarily to influence an audience. This process of ‘manipulation’ or ‘persuasion’ works in five ways:

• Structures of ownership: Large companies working together to deliver propaganda
• The role of advertising: Influential language and media to gain and manipulate an audience into buying a product that would potentially ‘better their lives’.
• Links with ‘The Establishment’
• Diversionary tactics – ‘flack’
• Uniting against a ‘common enemy’

Technology and Newspapers
Production	Distribution		Consumption
computer	large scale printing press		phones tv computers tablets headphones websites
camera	lorries vans cars
pen pencil paper	stacks shelves
word processor
printer
telephone
audio recorder

Noam Chomsky Manufacturing consent:

Herman and Noam Chomsky, in which the authors propose that the mass communication media of the U.S. “are effective and powerful ideological institutions that carry out a system-supportive propaganda function, by reliance on market forces, internalized assumptions, and self-censorship, and without overt coercion

3 quotes

the link between ownership of news organisations and news coverage is not easy to determine.

advertising in news papers attracts small concentrated elite audience.

major media conglomerates control more and more of the worlds media.

Technology and Newspapers
Production	Distribution	Consumption
– Reported by journalists – Sent in by consumers – Laptop/computer – Word processing software – telephone – pen and paper – printers – send out journalists to create the article/report – audio recorder – camera/ digital camera – photographers – email software to gather information – editing software	– paper format as a newspaper – free newspapers that are available in airports – distributed by lorries, vans and cars – air cargo distribution – distributed into shops, bookshops and newsagents – large scale printing press – stacks – shelves – display cases – paper rounds by the “paper boy/girl”	– available in paper form – available in digital form -bought from shops – available to read digital copies on electronic devices and mobile devices. – daily subscriptions – premium subscriptions (with perks such as free digital copy included)

Noam Chomsky – Manufacturing Consent

This is a book that is written by Chomsky and Edward S Herman, which proposes that the mass communication medias of the US are “effective and powerful ideological institutions that carry out a system-supportive propaganda function, by reliance on market forces, internalized assumptions, and self-censorship, and without overt coercion”.

5 Filters of Mass Media

1. Structure of ownership – Conglomerates use vertical integration to use their subsidiary to produce newspapers.
2. The role of advertising – many newspapers use advertising i n order to pay off the production costs of producing their newspaper. For example, they may charge a company money to advertise on the back page on their newspaper.
3. Links with ‘The Establishment’ – Media can link with the government and politics. Such as Sinclair (5 Filters of Mass Media machine and Donald Trump are really good friends, meaning Trump could decide to back his friend up.
4. Diversionary Tactics (‘Flack’) – Another word for flack is noise/distraction. This is when they make a story that could be seen as ‘fake news’ and distracts people from important news to cover up the newspaper company. For example, there might be the bush fires in Australia, but newspapers seem more interested in celebrities at the BAFTAs.
5. Uniting against a ‘common enemy‘ – these include communists, terrorists and anti-supporters. The newspaper might produce an article to give a bad reputation to something (ie North Korea and Kim Jong Un)

Agenda setting – the creation of public issues, but can be filtered what articles are covered in order to emphasise and spread propaganda about a certain topic and issues that might interest their target reader.

Framing – how something is presented to the audience. Factors that influence framing include Gender, Race, Politics, Age, Society/Cultural trends and the economic issues and the influence of sponsors and money.

Myth making – when you create a statement or belief that hasn’t been backed up by anything, therefore people are hesitant to believe, meaning some people believe it but some people don’t.

The Sociology of News Production

• Major media conglomerates control more and more of the world’s media
• The “velvet revolution” in Eastern Europe (1989) raises related doubts about the attributions of unlimited power to the socialist state
• The link between ownership of news organisations and news coverage is not easy to determine. It’s hard to tie patterns of ownership to specific habits of reporting.
• The political economy perspective in Anglo-American media studies has generally been insensitive to political and legal determinants of news production, it has been far more “economic” than political”