Definitions:

• Positive and negative stereotypes: a positive stereotype refers to a subjectively favourable belief held about a social group. Whereas negative stereotype are traits and characteristics, negatively valence and attributed to a social group and to its individual members.

• Counter-types:  countertype is a positive stereotype and emphasizes the positive features about a person.

• Misrepresentation: is the action or offence of giving a false or misleading account of the nature of something. For example when an animal is misrepresented as being vicious.

• Selective representation:  is when some groups of people are represented more in government than others.In this way, one form of selectiverepresentation is used to try to combat another.

• Dominant ideology: a dominant attitude values or beliefs in society

• Constructed reality: refers to the theory that the way we present ourselves to other people is shaped partly by our interactions with others, as well as by our life experiences.

• Hegemony: leadership or dominance, especially by one state or social group over others.

• Audience positioning:  refers to the techniques used by the creator of a text to try to get the audience to understand the ideology of the text.

• Fluidity of identity: the idea in which your identity changes

• Constructed identity: is the identity that one self builds for example on social media.

• Negotiated identity: agreeing that certain people have certain roles in a relationship and that these roles cannot change.

• Collective identity: the identity of a group.