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Definitions

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  1. Roland Barthes – was a French literal theorist, philosopher, critic and semiotician. 
  2. C. S. Pierce – was an American philosopher, logician, mathematician and scientist who is sometimes referred to as “the father of pragmatism”. 
  3. Ferdinand de Saussure – was a Swiss linguist and semiotician. His ideas laid a foundation for many significant developments in both linguistics and semiology in the 20th century. 
  4. Semiotics – the study of signs and symbols and their use and interpretation.
  5. Sign – an object, gesture or action that is used to convey information or an instruction.
  6. Signifier – a signs physical form. (saussure)
  7. Signified – the meaning or idea expressed by a sign, as distinct from the physical form in which it is expressed.  (saussure)
  8. an iconic sign – which has a direct connection to its’ object 
  9. an indexical sign – which has an indirect link to its’ object 
  10. a symbolic sign – which has a random or arbitrary link based on a shared knowledge or an agreement 
  11. Code – a system of words, letters, figures or symbols used to represent other things. 
  12. Dominant Signifier – most accepted meaning of a sign. 
  13. Anchorage – directs the viewer to a chosen meaning. 
  14. Ideology – a system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.  
  15. Paradigm – a group or collection of simialr things
  16. Syntagm – is the relationship is one where signs occur in sequence or parallel and operate together to create meaning.
  17. Signifcation – the representation or conveying of meaning. 
  18. Denotation – What the audience can visually see on a page. (barthes)
  19. Connotation – is the second level of analysis, being what the denotation represents. (barthes)
  20. Myth – in media analysis refers to how words and images are systematically used to communicate cultural and political meanings.
  21. Radical – Challenges our ideas and society.
  22. Reactionary – Supports our ideas.

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