1. Big Close up: 2001: A space Odyssey (1968)

This big close-up shot from Kubrick’s ‘A Space Odyssey’ is used to effectively highlight Dave’s facial expressions, in addition to depicting tropes of the sci-fi genre; these tropes consist of the coloured lights crossing his face and the astronaut helmet. This fixation on expressing the character’s apprehensive and/or alarmed expression persuades the viewers to also believe these thoughts or wonder what is making Dave experience these thoughts in the first place.

2. Medium: Brokeback Mountain (2005)

The use of this medium shot highlights how close in proximity Ennis and Jack are to each other; this may also be used to show how close they’re relationship was becoming. This is a perfect shot type for this scene as it also demonstrates tropes of the western genre, including the costume and props.

3. Long: Do the Right Thing (1989)

The use of this long shot allows all characters within this scene to share the same amount of screen presence. It also creates symmetry between the two age groups of characters; this is both visually-pleasing and thought provoking for the viewers. It may reference deeper meanings such as the gap in respect/ interests between the two generations portrayed.

Film editing is the process that turns individual scenes and shots into a coherent motion picture. Shots are cut or assembled to add meaning to the narrative, mise-en-scene and cinematography.

Match on Action:

Definition – Cuts from one shot to another view that matches the first shot’s action. A common example is walking through a door or punching someone.

Example – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mv93covb53w

Friends: Chandler and Monica walking through the door. Cuts from the outside of the apartment to the inside through the use of a Match on Action

Graphic Match:

Definition – A cut from one shot to another where the composition of the two shots are matched by a similar action or subject.

Example – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=avjdKTqiVvQ

2001: A Space Odyssey: A bone is thrown up in the air and as it falls a graphic match is used cutting to a similar shaped spaceship.

Eyeline Match:

Definition – Informs the viewer to what the character sees. Cuts from the actors eyes to what they are seeing.

Example – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LNGYsmTPWug

Baby Driver: Baby and his group are in the middle of a bank robbery. He stays in the car looking at his surroundings. As his eyes are shown it cuts to what he is looking at to give context to the viewers.

J Cut: where the audio from a following scene overlaps the picture from the preceding scene.

L Cut: where the audio from a preceding scene overlaps the picture from the following scene.

A J-cut is a technique used in split film editing, where the audio from the following scene overlaps with the video from the current shot, so that the audio plays before the audience sees the next shot. Is also known as an audio lead/advance. The name derives from the shape of the audio and video cut together during the era of analogue film.

An L-cut is another technique used with split film editing. Opposing a J-cut, it works in the way that the audio from the current shot carries over to the next, often used in scenes involving dialogue. It’s name also derives from the shape of the audio and video cut together during the era of analogue film.

 In a J cut, the next scene’s audio plays before the image changes. With L cuts, the audio from the preceding scene carries over, and then the visuals shift.

J-Cut

A J-cut is a variant of a split edit film editing technique in which the audio from a following scene overlaps the picture from the preceding scene

L-Cut

An L-cut is a variant of a split edit film editing technique in which the audio from preceding scene overlaps the picture from the following scene

J CUT-the audio from a following scene overlaps the picture from the preceding scene.

L CUT- when the audio carries on from one scene to the next.

J cuts: When the audio from the next scene plays before the image changes.

An example of when a J cut is used is in the opening scene of Ferris Bueller’s Day Off, where the audio plays before the opening scene, meaning that the audience are already intrigued in what is going on before seeing it.

L cuts: When the audio from the first scene carries over to the next scene.

An example of when an L cut is used is in the film Knives Out, multiple times in this scene.

It is used so the new information given to the audience is explained through visuals.

Both J cuts and L cuts are often used in dialogue to make conversations flow and feel more natural.