Three Point Lighting Set-up

Key Light– Brightest light, main light source. Generally positioned about a 45 degree angle from camera, but can be adjusted.

Fill Light– Fill in/illuminate shadows created by key light. Positioned other side of camera to key light. It’s important for fill light to be less bright than key light so there’s still contrast on each side of subjects.

Backlight– Create a rim of light around subject to distinguish the subject from the background. Positioned behind the subject, either higher/lower so light is out of shot.

PART 1

1895 – 1918 The World Discovers A New Art Form: The Birth of Cinema

What was the name of the first film made by the Lumiere brother’s and when was this? The Lumiere brother’s first film was called: Employees leaving the Lumiere Factory (1895)

What’s the “Phantom Ride”? A “Phantom Ride” is a tracking shot from front of a moving train (as if a ghost was floating through the air).

What was ground-breaking about silent films “The Sick Kitten” and “Life of an American Fireman”? The ground breaking aspect of these silent films were the use of cutting and editing (inside and outside continuity); fragmented shots emphasising movement – “Life of an American Fireman”. Along with introduction of the close up – “The Sick Kitten”

What was the name of the first Hollywood “Film star”? Florence Lawrence

1903-1918 The Thrill Becomes Story: The Hollywood Dream

According to Cousin’s, why did the hub of film production in the USA move from the East Coast of America to Hollywood? The film process had been copyrighted in the East Coast and California was far away from these rights owners (so easier to break the laws there). Thomas Edison.

Which nation’s film industry does Cousin’s describe as “the best in the world” in the 1910’s and why? Denmark – doing most innovative things, using the medium creatively

Find 2 films and 2 directors from this time cited by Cousin’s as remarkable. Carl Theodor Dreyer – The Passion of Joan of Arc and Benjamin Christensen- Häxan

Who Directed Birth of a Nation (1915) and why has the film continued to divide opinions among film critics, practitioners and theorists? D.W. Griffith’s – Racism and a negative portrayal of Black characters (white men in black face, politically unacceptable in modern standards) makes the film controversial, but the opinion is divided by critics due to it’s use of cuts.

PART 2

1918-1928

Who were Buster Keaton, Charlie Chaplin and Harold Lloyd and why were they so influential? American comedy directors, black and white silent film.

Keaton- greatest comic image maker, defined silent cinema, physical comedy with deadpan expression

Chaplin- body movement, improvisation, politics

Lloyd- Actor, comedian, stunt performer, influenced by Chaplin

Some films they made and other filmmakers they influenced.

Chaplin- City Lights (1931), The Kid (1921), The Great Dictator (1940)

Lloyd- Safety Last (1923),

Palestinian film maker Elia Suleiman is influenced by Keaton.

Influenced by Chaplin- Nicolas Roeg, Jacques Tati, Harold Lloyd (Actor), Yasujiro Ozu.

How many Cinema screens were there on Jersey during the “Golden Age” of cinema (1930’s to 60’s)?

Around 6 cinemas in Jersey at that time

How many Cinema screens are there now?

There are 10 screens in Cineworld – This is now Jerseys only cinema.

What independent cinema spaces currently exist in Jersey?

The Art House Jersey, Jersey Arts Centre, Howard Davis park/Jersey parks, The Grand Hotel

Explain why the number of cinema screens have declined over the years and what you think the implications are for the film industry in general?

Cinema screens have declined due to the gradual introduction of the television in the 1950’s – Golden Age of Television. Along with the availability of online streaming services such as Netflix and Disney + etc, leading film entertainment to be more accessible, meaning there’s less need to go to the cinema.

Wes Anderson Auteur.pptx

The Royal Tenenbaums by Wes Anderson is considered one of my favourite soundtracks; whilst the film has an original score by Mark Mothersbaugh, it also contains some emotive needle-drops of rock n roll classics from the 60s-90s that aid in revealing characters inner thoughts/how they’re being perceived whilst effectively forming a desired mood.

The film’s compiled of songs from ‘Needle in the hay’ (heartbreaking and powerful) to ‘Me and Julio down by the schoolyard’ (whimsical/playful manner), but ultimately the Tenenbaums songs deal with the more adult issues of loneliness and dissatisfaction (underlying melancholy) aiding to drive the plot.

My chosen Auteur for my powerpoint is: Wes Anderson

INSPIRATIONAL PRACTITIONERS:

Director– Sofia Coppola

Some of her trademarks:

• Showing human connection through images oppose to words; intimacy between characters exploring human connection/mystery of love that transcends words. (‘underwater in the swimming pool to playfully sip imaginary tea. The swimming pool becomes a metaphor for the womb and only here, away from the pressures of Hollywood and society in general, can they truly connect. It’s one of the most beautiful father/daughter moments on film.’ – Somewhere https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eQgwLES_aOI )
• Young woman coming of age through heartbreak.
• Characters using fashion to express themselves (Marie Antoinette–  fashion transcends beyond the representation of womanhood into the social and political realm. In this scene set to Bow Wow Wow’s “I Want Candy,” pastel-coloured shoes and gowns get mashed up with sweets, lap dogs, and an endless stream of champagne emphasizing the corruption of the ruling class. Marie’s (Kirsten Dunst) impossibly tall wig decorated with baby birds sits precariously on top of her head, ready to topple down at any moment – just like the ill-fated aristocracy, foreshadows that heads will literally roll.)
• Source: https://screencraft.org/blog/5-trademarks-of-sofia-coppolas-films/

Editor- Tom Cross (Works closely with director Damien Chazelle)

• Use of the Kuleshov effect (seen in Whiplash final scene)
• Fast paced cuts
• Overt editing style ‘overt editing style – Whiplash, for example. So a lot of my work in those films is more noticeable, you feel the cuts.’
• Trying to build characters and character arcs through editing (‘inject the characters into that scene. We had to find all the right moments of Miles Teller and J.K. Simmons – especially the pieces when their eyes meet’)
• Source: https://www.forbes.com/sites/danidiplacido/2019/01/02/tom-cross-editor-of-first-man-talks-the-art-of-the-edit/?sh=2d74988019d4

Cinematographer- Robert Yeoman (Works closely with director Wes Anderson)

• Colours/Black and white (The French Dispatch and Grand Budapest Hotel etc)
• Framing – eg ‘lots of symmetrical compositions and shots that are constructed to reflect the perspective of a specific character in a film. Lots of straight-on views and quite a heavy usage of wide angle lens.’
• Low and high angle shots
• Frame in frame shots
• Whip pans – one of the most distinctive camera moves known from Anderson films. Most of the time it is used to change the view from one character to another. In Grand Budapest Hotel we can even see 180 degree pan between 2 characters on the opposite ends.
• Zooms – in critical moments we can see some extreme zooms to bring the audience right into action.
• Sideway dollies – oftentimes the character on screen is followed by the camera sideways.
• Tilts – coupled with wide angle lens it creates an extreme change in perspective.
• Source: https://timeinpixels.com/2015/09/cinematography-in-grand-budapest-hotel/

1. Director – I’m interested in exploring this area and seeing how my artistic visions can evolve and be carried out. I found it interesting to explore mise-en-scene and how it impacts a scene.
2. Editor – I want to improve and develop my skills in this area, I think it’s impressive/interesting seeing how a film can turn out depending on the editing choices. (inspo- editing in The Bear Joanna Naugle)
3. Cinematography (Specialise)- I enjoyed watching the Shining (taking inspo from Kubrick’s The Shining cinematography by John Alcott and his styles/choices, along with Lance Accord who did the cinematography in Sofia Coppola’s Marie Antoinette and Robert Yeoman as some ideas…) I enjoy/am interested in seeing how images can be captured to create meaning in the narrative through different perspectives etc.

https://web.microsoftstream.com/video/f848211c-56e3-43b8-87ae-c7632337f64f