soviet constructivism film examples
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The gerasimov insitute
The institute was founded in 1919 by the film director Vladimir Gardin as the Moscow Film School and is the oldest film school in the world. From 1934 to 1991 the film school was known as the All-Union State Institute of Cinematography.
The founding of the institute was authorized by V. I. Lenin in 1919. Its work in the early years was hampered by the shortage of film stock. It has had an illustrious history as one the oldest of the film schools in existence; many great film directors have taught at the institute. During the period of the Soviet Union it was a requirement of the state to attend VGIK in order to be allowed to direct a film. More recently, its alumni were drawn both from the USSR (Soviet Union) and from other socialist and other countries, though it was a requirement for students to first learn Russian prior to attending. It is among the few film schools which offer scriptwriting courses.
classic french new wave films
French New Wave constitutes a vital movement in film history. While the movement originated in the 1950s, much of modern filmmaking is still firmly rooted in French New Wave thought—from the works of Quentin Tarantino to Martin Scorsese
Breathless ( Jean-Luc Godard 1960 )
Paris Belongs To Us ( Jacques Rivette 1961 )
The 400 Blows ( François Truffaut 1959 )
Narrative and Technical Conventions of the French New Wave (FNW Task 3)
The French New Wave is a movement that decided to forgo traditional filming conventions in favour of experimenting with the medium in a way that mean that even some of the most ingrained ideas to cinema were flipped on their heads. Concepts from shooting on location instead of a sound stage or turning away from the camera to leaving in outtakes or breaking the 4th wall were utilised by many filmmakers during this period.
Left Bank – radical, artistic, experimental
Right Bank – established, financially stable, Cahiers du cinéma
summarise what Astruc meant by the term “auteur” and examples
Astruc believed that since the director had complete control of every element in the film that they seen them more like authors of a screenplay as they were trying to get their message across to the public through the use of cinema.
examples:
Jean-Luc Godard
his films are “littered with references to films, books, compositions and paintings, as well as the people, places and political ideals that have shaped his personality and psyche”
Quentin Tarantino
Tarantino borrowed characteristics and aspects from French new wave, the main film that does this is Reservoir dogs which includes jump-cuts, a non- linear narration, the use of real location filming and very long shots that lasted up to 25 minutes where he stayed in the same location and introduced a new character without cutting the shot.
highlight the key narrative and technical conventions of the french new wave approach to film making. talk about the difference between the left and right bank approach.
It was an era in which they experimented with lighter and more informal storytelling methods, like handheld cameras, jump cuts, fast cutting, location shooting, and improvisation. The result was a new kind of cinema that rejected many of the conventional rules of Hollywood filmmaking and relied on experimentation.
Techniques included fragmented, discontinuous editing, and long takes that allowed actors to explore a scene. The combination of realism, subjectivity, and commentary allowed these movies to have ambiguous characters, motives, and even endings that were not so clear-cut.
The movement aimed to give directors full creative control over their work, allowing them to eschew overwrought narrative in favor of improvisational, existential storytelling.
Left bank– The French New Wave extended past just the filmmakers associated with the magazine “Cahiers du Cinema.” The next most distinguished sect was called the “Left Bank,” a group with shared progressive political leanings and documentarian pasts.
Right bank– The corresponding “right bank” group is constituted of the more famous and financially successful New Wave directors associated with Cahiers du cinéma (Claude Chabrol, François Truffaut, and Jean-Luc Godard). Unlike the Cahiers group, Left Bank directors were older and less movie-crazed.
birth of hollywood slides
In 1927 The Jazz Singer came out being the first movie to include sound. The Sound was created and replicated using a Vitaphone.
In 1928 Kodak came out with the a 16mm amateur film camera called the Kodacolor for the mass market. It was to create coloured still images but was shortly after worked on more to be released in the 1950s.
Kodacolor (filmmaking) was an early movie system that used filters to record additive colour on monochromatic lenticular film.
The transition to sound-on-
film technology occurred
mid-decade with the talkies
developed in 1926-1927.
This made movies fun. Audience were drawn away from day-to-day life as now movies had sound. Things seen in movies began to be seen in the average life as audiences copied what they had seen in films.
The transition to sound-on-film technology occurred mid-decade with the talkies developed in 1926-1927.
The sound was created using a device called the Vitaphone. These then became talkie films as you can hear talking during the films from the characters.
The Vitaphone system, allowed recording soundtracks and spoken texts on disks that were then reproduced at the same time as the film.
Vitaphone was a sound film system used for feature films and nearly 1,000 short subjects made by Warner Bros. and its sister studio First National from 1926 to 1931. Vitaphone was the last major analogue sound-on-disc system and the only one that was widely used and commercially successful
.
The significance of the Vitaphone was the fact that you could see and hear moving images simultaneously
The Vitaphone was a sound-on-disc system developed by Bell Telephone Laboratories and Western Electric.
Walt introduced animation with sound which has been adapted as time goes on but Walt began the concept of animation with Mickey Mouse being the main star of the first ever animated film with sound that is timed with the picture.
As Walt Disney released the first animated film which included sound of Steamboat Willie in 1928, Walt officially introduced the golden age of animation.
The method, known as sound cartoon, allowed to synchronize cartoons and sounds.
Films were distributed to audiences through cinemas which looked like palaces and could hold up to thousands per screening. These cinemas were promoted to the public through posters.
Every film shown in the 1920s were silent. Until 1927 when “Talkies” were invented and so film could have sound.
Film exhibition in the 1920s was typically through posters like the distribution of films but also the introduction to the “moving talkie”.
The moving talkie drove around and played films to the public.
Considered the first successful audible picture
There was other recorded films with sound before the jazz singer the first one being, Don Juan released on August 6th 1926
The Jazz Singer was only part talkie but was still the first ever film to be a talkie, but on July 8th 1928 the film Lights Of New York was released and considered to be a full talkie.
By 1929 all films had become all talkies which means the majority of the film was all talking which is what films are today.
Majority of the new all talkie films in 1929 have been lost or have only got the silent version left of what was created where as the main 3 revolutionary films within these years still exist.
Cinemas could hold just over half of each town/Citys population.
Audiences of all ages attended screening of films in the 1920s. Majority of the audience members going more than once a week.
About 50 million people went to film screenings across the world each week.
More importantly going to the cinema gave audiences a break from reality and allowed people to enjoy themselves and have fun.
Films were 15 cents to go see which is now $2.09.
In 1920 due to increased prosperity Americans had more disposable income to spend on entertainment and so people started to go to cinemas more than once a week as they had the time and money to.
the gerasimov institute
The institute was founded in 1919 by the film director Vladimir Gardin as the Moscow Film School and is the oldest film school in the world. From 1934 to 1991 the film school was known as the All-Union State Institute of Cinematography. Since 1986, the school has been named after the film director and actor Sergei Gerasimov (A full member of the international CILECT network of film schools). The Institute became a university in 2008.
The founding of the institute was authorized by V. I. Lenin in 1919. Its work in the early years was hampered by the shortage of film stock. It has had an illustrious history as one the oldest of the film schools in existence; many great film directors have taught at the institute including Kuleshov, Eisenstein, and Romm. During the period of the Soviet Union, it was a requirement of the state to attend VGIK to be allowed to direct a film. It was a requirement for students to first learn Russian prior to attending.
Auteur power point
