Film	Preference /10	Memorable Scene	Film Element Focus
Sound of Metal (2019, Darius Marder)	7/10	When Ruben is asked to just sit and write in silence.	Sound

What is the definition of diegetic and non diegetic sound?

Diegetic sound is sound that comes from the setting of the film. Non-diegetic sound is sound that comes from our world, such as the soundtrack or scoring. Diegetic sound could include the voices of characters, utensils clattering in the background, or music coming from a piano being played on-screen.

What is a needle drop in film?

Needle drop (movie scoring), the use of an existing recording rather than an original score in a film.

SYNCHRONOUS SOUNDS IN FILM

Asynchronous sounds are sounds that have not been synchronized to the film actions, movements, or visual environments appearing on the film screen. These sounds are often used for aesthetic purposes to express a previous action or to elicit a sound advance.

For example, an asynchronous sound may come through on a film. As the advanced sound occurs when the editor chooses to show a child that is crying in a crib. But over or instead of the crying. The sound of a loud dog barking from the next scene comes into play.

In this example, a mix of synchronous sound (the baby crying) and asynchronous sound (the dog barking but not yet visible on the screen) is used.

SYNCHRONOUS SOUNDS IN FILM

Synchronous sounds include the sounds that have been synchronized to align with the image that is being viewed on the film screen. Unlike asynchronous sounds, synchronous sounds in film have been closely matched to a visible source of the on screen sound taking place.

For example, synchronous sounds are typically those that directly relate to what you’re seeing on the screen. As in the example given above, when the baby is crying in a crib.

Any sound of the baby crying is considered synchronous. Whereas the sound of the dog barking that was also happening, was asynchronous.

What is a Foley artist?

In filmmaking, Foley is the reproduction of everyday sound effects that are added to films, videos, and other media in post-production to enhance audio quality. 

What are examples of sounds that Foley artists would have to make?

A lot of everyday sounds like footsteps, doors opening, wind blowing and glass breaking and other ambient noises.

leitmotif

/ˈlʌɪtməʊˌtiːf/

noun

1. a recurrent theme throughout a musical or literary composition, associated with a particular person, idea, or situation. “There are two leitmotifs in his score marking the heroine and her Fairy Godmother.”

Sound Editor: A sound editor is a creative professional responsible for selecting and assembling sound recordings in preparation for the final sound mixing or mastering of a television program, motion picture, video game, or any production involving recorded or synthetic sound.

Sound Mixer: Leading the process of capturing audio on set and location is the production sound mixer, an audio engineer who oversees the production audio crew, mixes and balances the audio as it is recorded, and works to identify and solve the many problems that arise in this field: background noise, echo, distortion, and flubbed.

Film	Preference /10	Memorable Scene	Film Element Focus
Whiplash (Damien Chazelle, 2014)	8/10	Neiman’s practice scene	Editing

Give an example of where at least 3 of these movements were used in a film.

Zoom out: The filmed object will shrink in apparent size, and more objects come into view. The speed of the zoom allows for a further degree of cinematographic freedom.

Tilt up: The definition of a tilt is a tip or a slope. An example of a tilt is the condition of a cup on its side. Tilt is defined as to tip or slope in one direction. An example of to tilt is to turn one’s head to the side.

Tilt Down: A tilt down shot is shot that uses a cinematographic technique called tilting in which the camera stays fixed but rotates down on a vertical plane. Tilting is similar to the motion of an individual raising or lowering their heads.

L Cut: An L cut is a variant of a split edit film editing technique in which the audio from preceding scene overlaps the picture from the following scene, so that the audio cuts after the picture, and continues playing over the beginning of the next scene. 

These cuts allow editors to have the sound or dialogue of one scene linger into the next. The term derives from the “L” shape that the edit looks like on a timeline.

J Cut: A J cut is a variant of a split edit film editing technique in which the audio from a following scene overlaps the picture from the preceding scene, so that the audio portion of the later scene starts playing before its picture as a lead-in to the visual cut. Also called an audio lead or audio advance.

J-cuts are used for emotional effect as well as in smoothing transitions, keeping attention, and helping with pace. While on the surface the concept seems simple, they’re an extremely powerful technique if used effectively. The technique gets its name from the way the footage and audio appear in video editing software.

Cut: The most common editing technique. Two pieces of film are spliced together so that the film “cuts” from one image to another.

Fade: Can be to or from black and white. A fade can begin in darkness and gradually assume full brightness (fade-in) or the image may gradually get darker (fade-out). You’d use a fade because it often implies that time has passed or may signify the end of a scene.

Dissolve: A kind of fade in which one image is slowly replaced my another. It can create a connection between images.

Wipe: A new image wipes off the previous image. A wipe is more fluid than a cut and quicker than a dissolve.

Flashback: Cut or dissolve to action or what happened in the past.

Shot-Reverse-Shot: A shot of one subject, then another, then back to the first. It is often used for conversation or reaction shots.

Cross-cutting: Cuts between action shots that are happening simultaneously. This technique is also called parallel editing. It can create tension or suspense and can form a connection between scenes.

Eye-Line Match: Cut to an object, then to a person. This technique shows what a person seems to be looking at and can reveal a characters thoughts.

Graphic Match: occurs when shapes, colours and/or overall movement of two shots match in composition, either within a scene or, especially, across a transition between two scenes.

Match on Action: refers to film editing and video editing techniques where the editor cuts from one shot to another view that matches the first shots action.