Cinematographer: A cinematographer [aka director of photography] is in charge of the camera and film’s each scene, using a variety of camera angles, movements and distances in order to create the directors vision. They also control

• Lighting
• The look of the film
• Framing

Editor: An editor compiles all the raw clips together post-production in order to create the film as the public sees it by using a variety of cuts and transitions such as:

• J-Cuts
• L-Cuts
• Fades
• Jump Cuts

Sound Designer: Sound designers use a variety of sounds to enhance what’s happening on screen. This includes creating the sounds post production and adding/composing music into the film and layering them all together to create the desired effect. This includes:

• Footsteps
• Wind
• Clear voices
• Impact Sounds

Leitmotif: A short musical phrase that is associated with a certain character, place or idea. These pre-warn the viewer of what they’re going to see on screen next, giving them time to react.

A famous example of a leitmotif would be the theme for ‘Jaws’. Whenever the shark is going to appear on screen, a short musical phrase appears, telling the viewer to expect a shark attack in the next scene.

Foley Artist: Foley Artists add and create sound effects for the film post-production in their own studio, using a variety of materials. Objects and techniques [such as shoes, sand etc] in order to exaggerate the actions happening on screen, making the scene immersive and ambient. These sounds are usually from one of three groups:

• Props
• Movements
• Footsteps

Some Examples of the sounds they make are:

• High Heeled Footsteps
• Doors Opening/Closing
• Bags Crinkling
• Shuffling
• Glass Shattering

The Shore sound task

https://web.microsoftstream.com/video/ef44eedb-c33c-4019-9672-b13346c0f8d3

Needle Drop Moment: When a pre-existing song is used in the film rather than creating a score for the film. In some cases, the sound is synchronous meaning the sound matches the actions seen on screen i.e: character starts playing the song which blends the song into the film as they start singing or dancing on beat to the song.

For Example:

However, sometimes the sound is asynchronous and doesn’t match with what we see on screen. This is often used to create tension within the scene as the character is hearing a sound but its source is unknown.

Diegetic: Sounds that the characters can hear in their world i.e: doors opening, footsteps etc

Non-Diegetic: Sounds that the viewer can hear but don’t happen in the characters world i.e: music, impact effects, etc

Sound Editor: Records the audio on set and also records sound effects post-production and making sure the sound is of good quality for the mixer

Sound Mixer: Makes sure the audio is immersive for the viewer by toning up or down the volume throughout the film

Match on Action: The scene cuts to the next whist keeping the action from the previous scene consistent i.e: Scene A ends with a man running whilst scene B starts with a man running. This links the 2 scenes together whilst keeping it consistent and creates a smooth cut

Graphic Match: The scene cuts to the next with the same shape/colours from the previous scene. It links together the 2 scenes i.e: A bone thrown into the air then it cuts to a space station [both are a similar shape]

Eyeline Match: The character looks to something off screen and the scene cuts to another image, creating the impression that the character is looking at the next image on screen i.e: Person A looks out the window then it cuts to a field