Hypothesis: How have representations of LBGTQ characters on screen changed over time in coming of age films? 

Films: Call me by your Name [Guadagnino, 2018],

Rebel Without a Cause [Ray, 1955]

Title	Form	Harvard Reference	Link	Last Accessed
1)	Film	Empire of the Sun. (1987). [Film] America: Warner Bros.	Empire of the Sun (Spielberg, 1987)	N/A
2)	Film	Grave of the Fireflies. (1988). [Film] Japan: Toho Co., Ltd.	Grave of the Fireflies (Takahata, 1988)	N/A
3	Book	Dixon, M. (2020). Media theory for A level the essential revision guide. London New York Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.	Media Theory for A Level	N/A
4)	Article	Ballard, J.G. (2006). JG Ballard looks back at Empire. The Guardian. [online] 4 Mar. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/mar/04/fiction.film.	https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/mar/04/fiction.film	14/03/2023
5)	Book	Hall, S., Hobson, D., Lowe, A. and Willis, P. (2003). Culture, Media, Language. Routledge.	https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203381182-18/encoding-decoding-stuart-hall	N/A
6)	Article	Dinning, R. (2019). The WW2 obsession: why the world can’t move on from 1945. [online] HistoryExtra. Available at: https://www.historyextra.com/period/second-world-war/why-cant-we-escape-the-grip-of-the-second-world-war-two-obsession/.	https://www.historyextra.com/period/second-world-war/why-cant-we-escape-the-grip-of-the-second-world-war-two-obsession/	24/05/2022
7)	Article	Macinnes, D.T. (2011). Ghibli Blog: Studio Ghibli, Animation and the Movies: Animerica Interviews Isao Takahata and Akiyuki Nosaka. [online] Ghibli Blog. Available at: http://ghiblicon.blogspot.com/2011/04/animerica-interviews-isao-takahata-and.html.	http://ghiblicon.blogspot.com/2011/04/animerica-interviews-isao-takahata-and.html	14/03/2023
8)	Article	Langworth, R.M. (2017). https://richardlangworth.com/optimist-and-pessimists-churchill-quote. [online] Richard M. Langworth. Available at: https://richardlangworth.com/optimist-pessimists [Accessed 14 Mar. 2023].	https://richardlangworth.com/optimist-pessimists	14/03/2023
9)	Book	Motohisa Yamakage, Paul De Leeuw and Aidan Rankin (2012). The essence of Shinto : Japan’s spiritual heart. New York: Kodansha Usa.	https://archive.org/details/theessenceofshintomotohisayamakage/page/n231/mode/2up?q=imperial	14/03/2023
10)

How are women represented in Period Drama from different cultures?

Film noir: 

American Cinema/American Culture, John Belton: 

Belton writes, “film noir grapples, as Robert Porfirio suggests, with existential issues such as the futility of individual action; the alienation, loneliness, and isolation of the individual in industrialized, mass society; the problematic choice between being and nothingness; the absurdity, meaninglessness, and purposelessness of life; and the arbitrariness of social justice, which results in individual despair, leading to chaos, violence, and paranoia.”

Sin City:

Camera:

Narrative:

The Lady from Shanghai: 

Camera:

Narrative:

References: 

JMR – Defining Film noir 

Britannica – Characteristics of film noir 

Taste of Cinema – Reasons why sin city is a neo-noir classic 

A level film fact sheet (WJEC)  – Lady from Shanghai 

Ben – How have representations of  mental illness on film changed over time using the films Lust For Life (Minelli 1956) and A Beautiful Mind ( Howard, 2001)?

Molly – How do the films Guns of Navarone (1961) and Dunkirk (2017) demonstrate how the war genre has changed over time?

Hannah – How have narrative interpretations of Joseph Campbell’s monomyth changed over time using the films Kubo and the Two Strings and The Hidden Fortress?

Kirsty – How have representations of women in the Coming of Age Genre changed over time using the the films Rebel Without a Cause and Ladybird?

Cameron – How are children represented in war films from different cultures. Using the films Grave of the Fireflies (1988, Japan) and Empire of the Sun (1987, USA)

Matilde – How have representations of LBGTQ characters on screen changed over time? Using the films Call me by your Name 2018 Rebel Without a Cause 1955

Luke – How has the Film Noir subgenre changed over time using the films Sin City Frank Miller, Robert Rodriguez (2005) and Lady from Shanghai (Welles, 1947)

Misty – How are the social underclass represented in different cultures using the films La Haine Kassovitz (1995) Slumdog Millionaire Boyle 2008

Phoebe – How the folk horror sub genre has changed over time using the films Midsommer (Aster, 2019) and The Wicker Man ( Hardy,1973)

Ruby- how are women represented in Period Drama from different cultures (Feminism) using the films Portrait of a Lady on Fire (France, 2019) Little Women (2019, US) ?

Jack – How has female representation in horror films changed over time? Using the films Friday the 13TH Part 2 1981 (Miner,US) and The Cabin in the Woods 2011 (Goddard, US) ?

Bryna- To what extent can films be said to offer an insight into the collective unconscious of their times? Using  the films Fight Club and US.

Kai- How have techniques of montage evolved over time? Using the films Strike (Eisenstein,1925 USSR) and Dunkirk (Nolan ,2017 US)

Tom – How does the Serial Killer SubGenre change when applied to different cultural contexts? Using the films Zodiac (Fincher 2007 US ) Memories of Murder (Bong Joon Ho 2004 Korea)

Liberty – How does the social thriller genre differ across cultures using Parasite (South Korea, 2019) and Get Out (US, 2017)? 

Olivia- How is the male gaze used in the films Vertigo (1958, Hitchcock,1958 US) and Basic Instinct ( Verhoeven,1992 US)?