Extreme Long Shot (XLS) – a shot that makes the subject look small against their backdrop.
Mad Max: Fury Road (George Miller, 2015)
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Long Shot (LS) – a shot which is closer than the extreme long shot, but the subject does not fill the frame.
The Martian (Ridley Scott, 2015)
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Medium-Long Shot (MLS) – a shot that usually frames the subject from head to knees.
The Usual Suspects (Bryan Singer, 1995)
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Medium Shot (MS) – a shot which provides more detail on the subject, framing them from the waist up.
Spider-Man: No Way Home (Jon Watts, 2021)
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Medium Close-Up (MCU) – a shot that frames the subject from just above their head down to about midway on their torso.
O Brother, Where Art Thou? (Ethan and Joel Coen, 2000)
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Close-Up (CU) – a shot taken of a subject or an object at close range intended to show greater detail to the viewer.
The Good, The Bad And The Ugly (Sergio Leone, 1966)
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Extreme Close-Up (XCU) – a shot that frames a subject very closely, often so much so that the outer portions of the subject are cut off by the edges of the frame.
A editing technique that involves cutting in the middle of action and following the cut with a scene that matches the first shots’ action.
Graphic match:
Editing technique that involves editing two scenes to the same composition of colour, shapes and/or movement of the scene. Usually used within transitions.
Eyeline match:
Eyeline match is an editing technique that is used to give the audience a perspective on what the characters are seeing.
An editing technique that involves cutting the audio track from a following track and overlapping it with the previous scene before it following scene is shown.
L cuts:
Editing technique that involves cutting the audio from a previous track and overlapping it with the following scene. Audio from the previous scene overlaps the following scene.
