Shot Types

How to (Attempt to) Make More Sense of Art-Films - Tearaway
The Master (Paul Thomas Anderson, 2012)
Name of the Shot and AbbreviationDescription of the Shot in Relation to the SubjectThe Use in Storytelling
Extreme Close-Up (XCU)Part of the face e.g. eyes take up the frameGets inside the head of a character
Close-Up (CU)Whole face takes up the frameReveals character’s emotional state
Medium Close-Up (MCU)Head and shoulders in frameThese shots are usually used when a scene needs a “neutral” narrative approach
Low Angle Shot (LA) / High Angle Shot (HA)In a Low Angle Shot, the camera points upwards to a subject / In a High Angle Shot, the camera points downwards on a subjectA Low Angle Shot usually makes the subject seem grand or threatening / A High Angle Shot can generate a vulnerable appearance for the subject
Extreme Long Shot (XLS)Only scenery visible; can’t make out individual peopleUsed as an establishing shot
Medium Shot (MS)One or two subjects in frame from waist height, sometimes taken from “over the shoulder” of one of the charactersOften used as a Master Shot / Two Shot / Shot-Reverse for conversations
Pan / TiltA pan is when you move your camera horizontally / A tilt is when you move your camera verticallyMimics static character looking round a scene
Track (on a Dolly, Steadicam or a Handheld)The camera follows a subject by moving along with themIt keeps the audience engaged with the actions occurring on screen

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