The appearance of being true or real.

E.g. Lord of the rings, fantasy genre but appears real and believable.

CGI realism creates characters and scenery that the audience would find hard to differentiate from real life.

Set design

Prop work, backdrops and construction.

E.g. The Grand Budapest Hotel uses models on green screen to create their iconic vintage scenes.

Costume

Every film needs costume which can be very expensive.

E.g. A Clockwork Orange present the main characters in an assortment of clothes but mainly in the white attire shown below. This helps contradict the criminals actions with the bright colours they wear.

Space

Space is heavily based on the foreground and background interests and the relationship between them.

E.g. The Hateful Eight, Tarantino separates the screen with a background focus and a foreground focus often left and right. It is an obvious technique as you can see where the two shots meet. It allows characters and objects in both the foreground and background to be in full focus.

Lighting

Lighting is used to reflect the various moods within film and can also be used to foreshadow upcoming events within the scene.

E.g. Se7en. The dark and subdued tone of this movie is enhanced by the lighting. Harsh intense lighting and low, darker lighting are both used throughout the film in order to represent the theme of brutality.

Composition

Composition refers to the arrangement of objects, lighting and sound on the screen, it can be used to make the audience interpret scenes differently.

E.g Kill Bill uses great composition, positioning its characters and objects to show power and interest the audience into certain objects/characters in the shot.

Hair and Makeup

Hair and makeup adds to the verisimilitude of a film and can add to the cost.

E.g. It, The makeup in ‘It’ adds greatly to the horror and fear presented by the character ‘Pennywise’

Film stock and aspect ratio

Colour or B&W, Film or digital.

E.g. Interstellar used 35mm film to shoot the movie and therefore it had an old, grainy effect that compliments the apocalyptic theme whilst also contradicting the futuristic style of this film.