Establishing shot shows character seemingly starting to converse. These are typically mid/long shots which set the scene by showing the characters and setting right away

This is the shot

Reverse shot

Shot reverse shot is a film technique where one character is shown looking at another character (often off-screen), and then the other character is shown looking back at the first character. The shot is heavily used by the Coen brothers as seen below

The 180 degree rule explains that by keeping the camera on one side of an imaginary axis between two characters, the first character is always frame right of the second character

A master shot is a film recording of an entire dramatized scene, from start to finish, from an angle that keeps all the players in view.

1. Cousins says that one of the leading directors for French impressionist cinema was Able Gance. One such film he made was ‘Napoléon’ or the offical title, ‘Napoléon vu par Able Gance’ which was a silent film about the French ruler Napoléon Bonaparte. In this film, Gance uses revolutionary filming techniques, such as strapping a camera to the side of a horse while it’s riding into battle, in order to give the audience the feeling that they’re in the action with the characters in the film.  This was one of the first times the world saw what’s now known as a Phantom Ride, or at least it’s pretty close to being one.
2. One of the famous Surreal directors was Salvador Dali, who made films such as ‘Un Chien Andalou’, which was a film with no connecting plot and random cuts to random actions. Such as, in the first minuet of the film, a woman random gets her eye cut open with a  razor blade. As well as that, another director was Joseph Cornell.

1.) According to Cousins, who was the leading exponent of French Impressionist Cinema?

Abel Gance. He wrote, produced, and directed the french epic film Napoleon. The film is recognized as a masterwork of fluid camera motion, produced in a time when most camera shots were static.

2.) What is Surrealist Cinema and who were its leading directors in the silent era? 

Surrealist cinema is a modernist approach to film theory, criticism, and production with origins in Paris in the 1920s. David Lynch was described as The First Popular Surrealist.

According to cousins, who was the leading exponent of french expressionist cinema?

Abel Gance who wrote, produced and directed the 1927 masterpiece Napoleon.

What is surrealist cinema ? name 2 films with directors and dates.

Surrealist cinema is a genre of fantasy films which were often set on alternate versions of earth as the audience knew it.

An Andalusian Dog (Salvador Dali, Luis Bunuel) 1929.

• Abel Gance according to Cousins was the leading exponent in French Impressionist Cinema.
• Abel Gance directed Napaleon in 1927 and is seen as one of the most innovative films of the silent era.
•  Gance was worried the film’s final part  would not have the proper impact by being confined to a small screen. Gance thought of expanding the frame by using three cameras next to each other. This is considered to be the most well-known of the film’s several innovative techniques.
• A modernist approach what originates from 1920s Paris. The movement used shocking, irrational, or absurd imagery to challenge traditional function art to represent reality.
• Luis Bunuel and Salvador Dali were the leading directors in the surrealist silent era cinema.
•  Luis Bunuel directed Un Chien Andalou(1929)considered the best short film of all time.
•  Marcel Duchamp’s directed Anemic Cinema (1926)

The leading exponent of French impressionist cinema was considered Abel Gance who directed ‘Napoléon’, 1927. Shots are merged together in a unique way, which ensures verisimilitude. The camera constantly moves, which is something rarely done before.

Luis Buñuel and Salvador Dalí were the leading directors in surrealist cinema. Surrealist cinema was considered innovative but absurd, it involved the use of shocking imagery to challenge the common conventions at the time.

‘Un Chien Andalou’ or ‘An Andalusian Dog’ as it is known as in English, was the 1929 hit directed by Bunuel which really showcased surrealism.  Dali collaborated with Hitchcock t create a surrealist dream sequence in the 1945 film ‘Spellbound’

• Buster Keaton was well known for his work in the silent film era as he was most notable for his comedy pieces where he performed it through different actions. Charlie Chaplin was similar to Keaton as he as well broke into the film industry through comedy in silent film especially with his trademark character the tramp what rose to worldwide fame.  As was Harold Lloyd who was well well known for his bespectacled Glass character. Overall all three were seen as the most influential and important comedians in the silent film era.
• Examples of their films:
• Sherlock Jr. 1924-Buster Keaton
• The Great Dictator 1940- Charlie Chaplin
• Hot water 1923-Harold Lloyd
• The French equivalent of Chaplin was Jacques Tati while Toto was the Italian equivalent.