In Citizen Kane the director popularized the style of using the camera to convey the characters status in a scene. An example of this when Kane is walking towards the massive window showing him getting further away and demonstrating to the audience his growing disconnect with everyone around him.

Another example of the director using cinematography to improve the scenes is with the use of set design. For example at the end when the camera is flying thought Kane’s boxed assets its constructed in a way to look like an entire city. Whereas if the shot was just a straight still.

Overall the main way the directors convey the story-line of Citizen Kane is  through the actors port-rials of the characters with the main example being Kane’s angry outburst where he destroys all the items in his second wife room. The actor Orson Well’s use of physicality when he throws the lamp post over the wardrobe demonstrates his destructive anger at that instant.

In this scene the editing is cleverly used to show the key characters placements within the scene. For example when the drummer is doing his solo performance, instead of cutting to him and the instructor the camera moves from from the instruct when he motions and then to the drummer when he if preforming the instruction. This creates a sense of fluidity in the drumming and action shown. A creates tension in the audience through the brief second of anticipation if the drummer will be able to play that instruction.

Sound in Dunkirk is used to build up tension in the audience. This can be seen in the scene where bombers are flying over the beach while the main character ducks. The use of sound is effective in this scene as the composer uses a ticking effect that creates a sense of rising through audio illusion. This causes the audience to interpret a countdown to something happening.

Another scene where sound is used effectively

Kuleshov Effect

One of the Shinning’s main qualities is the use of camera work. In the Shinning there is a scene near the end where Jack is chasing Danny through the maze. The reason this scene is so effective is because of the fluid use of camera movement as Danny runs through the forest is very fluid and stiff creating a scene of dread from the fast-frantic pace. As well as the stiffness creating a sense of coldness which fits the scene since it takes place in a snowy environment. Another way the camera work is really good in this scene is a way it displays the characters placement in the scene with the use of dialog or statement. For example, the way the camera faces behind Danny while he is running away form it clearly displays to the audience that he’s being chased without any context or prior knowledge of the scene. As well the way the camera is more shaky and tilts slightly below Jack shows the audience the how he is a threat with the intimidating angle it creates.

A key scene in the movie Bladerunner the utilities the potential of mise en scene is when the character of Deckard is chasing the replicant through the windows. This scene plays to Bladerunner’s overall strengths of creative and stylist set design. The costumes in this scene are great with Deckard’s brown trench coat giving the impression that he is a grizzled detective since that style is commonly associated with the styles. The replicant see through raincoat is also a good use of costume design as it allows for the unique neon light and visuals to reflect of it, as well as helping to make the world the movie is set in feel unique due to the difference in appearance to normal clothing.

The set design of the florescent umbrella lights, lighting up Deckard’s gun as he shoots the replicant. A well the design of the clothing shops the replicant runs through is full of very bright fluorescent colors contrasted with a dark dingy background. As well as the store being surrounded by mannequins showcasing the movies overall plot of artificial humans.

Lastly the editing in this scene is exceptionally well with the scene slowing down when the replicant is killed to emphasise her death to the audience. As well as cutting to other replicant to shop his grief at her death and his resentment towards Deckard. Overall the edit does a great job a conveying a sense of loss for a character the scene previous conveyed for you to route against.

Spike Lee the director of Blackkklansman. States that you can’t make a movie on a cultural issue if you are not part of the culture yourself.

In my opinion I think this depends on the movie your making. An example of what I mean come from the 2 movies he has criticised. Detroit and Django Unchained.

An example of the lack of experience with a cultural issue causing issues with a movie is Detroit. The focus on Detroit is the riot in Detroit. However, the overall problem with the movie is that it focusses of Detroit is showing how bad the riots were without much narrative of characterising surrounding it. This makes the message its trying to portray feel forced because of the lack of a connection the audience has to the character going through this situation.

However I think Django Unchained is an example of a movie that covers a cultural issue well by making the slavery and racism in the movie not the main focus. In making the movie focus on the character of Django and his narrative of getting back his wife shows the issues of racism and how it negatively affected Django a character the audience cares about. Showing them the importance of treating everyone with respect, without feeling forced.

Cinematographer – the person who is in charge of the lighting and camera work in a scene

Cinematography – the art of photography and camera work

A cinematographer is in character of the technical aspects like the camera work and lighting. A directer is in charge of the narrative aspect of the movie and how it is acted

Knowledgeable: You must be aware of the world and the mechanics of objects to accurately portray them in movies.

Caring: You need to be caring to effectively implement a positive message within your movie.

Inquiring: You need to have a curiosity about the world around you and the world your creating through the movie.

Risk-takers: When making a movie or analysing one you need to be capable of finding features that may by uncongenial or could a theme in movies that may be considered inappropriate.

Balanced: You need to have equal focus on all aspects of a movie so all the mechanics work in harmony with each other.

Reflective: You need to be aware or observant in any flaws or shortcomings in your movie, so you can improve it and make as cohesive as possible. As well as being able to receive any possible criticism of your movie.

Principled: You should be consistent with your image and idea for a movie so you do not each up dramatically changing the plot and not finishing it on time.

Communicators: You need to regularly commutate your plans for your movie with your cast, so they know exactly how to preform there role and support your movie.

Open minded: You should be open and trying to unique ideas and concepts in your movie as to make it feel original and stand out compered to a lot of other movies.

Historical films:

Toy Story: Innovated a popularised 3D animation, directed by John Lasseter

The Wizard of Oz: First movie to use colour, directed by Victor Fleming, Mrvyn LeRoy, King Vidor, George Cukor and Norman Taurog

Dr Strangelove: First movie to popularise the concept of political satire, Directed by Stanley Kubrick

Once upon a time in the West: Created a lot of the tropes frequently used in the western genre, Directed by Sergio Leone

Seventh Samurai: First Japanese produced film to find mainstream recondition outside of Japan. Directed by Akira Kurosawa

Alphaville: Popularised the genre of French new wave, Directed by Jean-Luc Godard

Art Films:

The shape of Water: A monster story inspired by some of H.P. Lovecrafts books, Directed by Guillermo del Toro

Submarine: A romantic drama about a boy trying to keep his family together, Directed by Richard Ayoade

Manhattan: A Woody Allen romantic comedy, Directed by Woody Allen

Love Simon: A comedy about a boy named Simon trying to tell his family he is gay, Directed by Greg Berlanti.

Mainstream Films:

Deadpool 2, A superhero comedy where the hero fights a cyborg, Directed by David Leitch

A bugs life: Pixar’s Second animated film about a group of bugs trying to fend of grasshoppers, Directed by John Lasseter

The breakfast club: A teen comedy about a group of people in detention, Directed by John Hughs

Battleship Potemkin: A Russian propaganda movie about a battle ship being revolted by the angry sailors working on it, Directed by Sergei Eisenstein

Fitzcarraldo: About a man getting funds for a opera house by smuggling rubber on a boat, Directed by Werner Herzog

This shows that there are a lot less Historical or innovative films being made, losing a lot of originality that could be found in early film. However there has been a dramatic increase of mainstream films recently like Deadpool 2 and A bugs life. However, this isn’t a bad thing as the quality of mainstream and art films like Deadpool 2 and The shape of Water have been constantly high