Use of extreme closeup : The Blair Witch Project (1999, Eduardo Sanchez) this scene uses an extreme closeup of roughly a quarter of one of the character’s faces. This shot was used to help the audience focus on  he emotions displayed in the scene with great detail.

Use of medium shot : Zodiac (David Fincher, 2007) The medium shot  is very commonly used for dialogues. It causes the audience to focus on a small group of people, so one can be focused on a single person or multiple whenever they choose. This is helpful when the speaker changes but a shot change may be unnecessary, at this distance the other speaker may well be in the frame and so the audience can divert their gaze to the new speaker without needing a shot change

Long shot : Pirates Of The Caribbean Dead Man’s Chest (Gore Verbinski, 2006) uses a long shot in the scene when Jack Sparrow (Johnny Depp) is running away from a tribe of cannibals. The D.O.P has specifically chosen this shot so that the audience can focus on both the foreground and the background at the same time. This quickly and easily gives context to the situation. For example here it lets the audience know what he is running away from, however this time it is all in one long shot that we can see this rather than two more focused shots.

Use of extreme long shot : Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (Alfonso Cuaron, 2004) uses an extreme long shot of a bridge to show off the surrounding area. This creates a sense of awe and romanticism as one can see how small one is when compared to a huge bridge or a mountain etc.