cinematography and digesis task five

The depth of field is  the range of focus in a shot or photograph , it is an important concept for cinematographers to master  because they need to be able to manipulate focus in order to create the desired effect.

 

There are two types of focus , shallow focus and deep focus. Shallow focus is when there is only one character in focus and any other characters in the scene are out of focus and blurry and the audience is unable to see them , in contrast, if the scene is in deep focus then all characters can be seen by the audience and none of them are blurred , however , shallow focus can cost the film verisimilitude because real life does not look like shallow focus shots.

This is an example of shallow focus from the first Kill Bill film (2004, directed by Quentin Tarantino) and it helps to emphasise the fact that The Bride (Uma Thurman)  is the most important character in the scene and the characters in the background are irrelevant.

 

 

 

 

 

 

This scene from Citizen Kane (1941 , directed by Orson Welles) utilizes deep focus and this can be used in order to show that all characters in the scene are of equal importance and they are relevant to the plot of the film. Furthermore , deep focus makes the audience feel included in the world of the film because it helps to create verisimilitude because it reflects how the real world actually looks and it helps the film to create an accurate illusion of reality which shallow focus does not do.

Camera Angles Task

Use of eye level angle : Wolf of Wall Street (Martin Scorsese, 2013) the eye level shot is a very neutral shot and causes a very neutral effect on the audience. The only effect it creates on the audience is a sense of verisimilitude and inclusion. This is quite specific to the wolf of wall street and the effect is created when the fourth wall is broken. Since the actors are at eye level it makes the audience feel similar or connected to the actor as if there is no difference in social status or power. D.O.P’s will use this to make the audience feel more included in a movie.

Birds eye view : Avengers assemble (Joss Whedon, 2012). There is a particular scene in this film where a Birds eye view is used to look down upon Chris Hemsworth’s “Thor” and Chris Evan’s “Captain America”. The D.O.P has chosen to use this shot because it causes the audience to believe that , in this case, Thor and Captain America are vulnerable or at least weaker than what is looking down on them. It feels like the camera angle is actually what is looking down on them as if the audience is the “monster” towering over Thor and Captain America (a hypothetical example) this makes the audience feel dominant.

Canted angle shot :Inception (Christopher Nolan, 2010) uses the canted shot very well. Generally, the canted shot is used when a character is sick or drunk or when something abnormal is happening. In this case it is the most latter of the three. In inception canted angles are often used to exaggerate the abnormality of the scene. It really makes it obvious to the audience that something is off and not right.

Shot Distance Task

Use of extreme closeup : The Blair Witch Project (1999, Eduardo Sanchez) this scene uses an extreme closeup of roughly a quarter of one of the character’s faces. This shot was used to help the audience focus on  he emotions displayed in the scene with great detail.

Use of medium shot : Zodiac (David Fincher, 2007) The medium shot  is very commonly used for dialogues. It causes the audience to focus on a small group of people, so one can be focused on a single person or multiple whenever they choose. This is helpful when the speaker changes but a shot change may be unnecessary, at this distance the other speaker may well be in the frame and so the audience can divert their gaze to the new speaker without needing a shot change

Long shot : Pirates Of The Caribbean Dead Man’s Chest (Gore Verbinski, 2006) uses a long shot in the scene when Jack Sparrow (Johnny Depp) is running away from a tribe of cannibals. The D.O.P has specifically chosen this shot so that the audience can focus on both the foreground and the background at the same time. This quickly and easily gives context to the situation. For example here it lets the audience know what he is running away from, however this time it is all in one long shot that we can see this rather than two more focused shots.

Use of extreme long shot : Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (Alfonso Cuaron, 2004) uses an extreme long shot of a bridge to show off the surrounding area. This creates a sense of awe and romanticism as one can see how small one is when compared to a huge bridge or a mountain etc.