An example of a medium long shot is in the film The Dark Knight (2008, Christopher Nolan). This had the effect that it presented the severity of the explosion.

An example of a close up shot is The Shining (1980, Stanley Kubrick) I think that the effect was that the viewer was that they see the antagonists face and the emotions that they are portraying.

An example of an extreme close up is in Revenge Of The Sith (2005, George Lucas) I think that the viewer would notice the details of General Grievous