Category Archives: Servant – Commedia

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ACTOR QUESTION #2 (BEATRICE)

The costume for men from a privileged background
Highway man ‘look’

You are performing the role of Beatrice from her first appearance in Act One to her
exit at the end of Scene Three. Explain how you would create comedy from Beatrice’s disguise as Federigo.

[or]

You are performing the role of Beatrice from her first appearance in Act One to her
exit at the end of Scene Three. Explain how would you want to present Beatrice to the audience?

You must make specific reference to the social, cultural and/or historical context of
The Servant of Two Masters in your answer.
[25 marks]


Look at the 2 versions of the question – What is the difference? {Open & Closed Questions}

This is a typical essay with an essay structure – What is that?

[Remember (What /Statement – How / Example – Why /Explain – Link to the question or Social/Historic/reference.]

Your answer needs to be about 5-6 paragraphs in length.

[What should go into the Introduction?] – Pair talk

Title, author, date, style (Commedia) genre (comic farce) = 1 line

Some context for the question: who she is, why is she coming to Venice, that this is the 1st time we/audience sees her. =1-2 lines

Any historical or social information relevant to the Question.

What your intention as a performer would be. =1 line

Write your own Introduction – 5 mins

You are performing the role of Beatrice from her first appearance in Act One to her
exit at the end of Scene Three. Explain how you would create comedy from Beatrice’s disguise as Federigo.

Compare your Intros

SAMPLE ANSWER – ‘DRAMA & THEATRE    

(Mr Jones)        

Remember:                       

You must make specific reference to the social, cultural and/or historical context of
The Servant of Two Masters in your answer.
[25 marks]

Introduction: {Link to the question}

A Servant to Two Masters’ (So2M), written by Goldoni in 1745, is a fast, action-driven, comic play that has many well-known characters from the Commedia tradition. It’s “an exaggerated mirror of (Italian) society.” [Didi Hopkins]

[Link to the question – contains Historic and Social ‘pearls of wisdom -POW]

Beatrice is inspired by the stock character of the Lover but for most of the play she is in disguise as a typical male Master. Women in the 18th century were not meant to be adventurers, but remain docile and subject to the wishes of their father’s and husband’s. (POW) Therefore, seeing a woman dressed and behaving as a man would have been a source of amusement for the audience. It is this comic potential that I wish to draw out in the opening scenes.

Paragraph 2: YOUR TURN

  • What 1st impression do you want to make as Beatrice.
  • What moment of comedy can you create [think voice or physicality or costume or a combination.
  • What will be the effect on the characters and the Audience?

YOU SHOULD AIM TO WRITE A DETAILED PARAGRAPH USING A WHAT/HOW/WHY STRUCTURE.

*Write in the knowledge that your work COULD be shown to the whole class

SENTENCE STARTERS:

In order to create comedy from Beatrice’s entrance

The first impression I want to create from Beatrice’s entrance is…

What costume / 1st impressions would you make?

As Beatrice, I would wear a man’s costume loosely based on the stock character of The Captain (a Commedia character who doesn’t appear in Goldoni’s play.) I would have a hat with feather, a cloak, riding boots, a sword and an eye-patch.  I would talk in a ‘foreign’ accent – possibly French to indicate that Beatrice is from Turin and an outsider to Venice.  I would drop this accent when talking as Beatrice (to Brighella and then Clarice in private).

In order to create comedy from Beatrice’s entrance and clearly show the difficulty she has in maintaining her deception, I would say to Pantaloon, “Your humble servant, sir,” as I bow, take off my hat and throw the cloak over my shoulder puffing out my chest with confidence.  Then, as I realise I am revealing my female cleavage, I would quickly turn away and cover myself with the cloak. In a fluster, I would have a voice break on the next words, “Federigo Rasponi” here my voice would revert to a higher feminine pitch.  I would stop, then cough and say the name again in a deeper more stereotypical male voice whilst adopting the macho stance of standing, hand on sword, with my legs shoulder width apart. 

Paragraph 3: choose a different moment and perhaps a different aspect of the performance – e.g: if paragraph 2 was about Beatrice’s costume and physical appearance then Paragraph 3 could focus on vocal delivery.)

Remember to include quotes – what Beatrice says AND also what is said to her that she must react to!

Later in the scene when Brighella recognises me as a woman I would want to portray her sincerity and distress as it looks my true identity is about to be revealed. I would move across to him and bring him downstage so that my aside, “Please don’t give me away” can be said quietly and in a feminine voice for the audience’s hearing only. This would reveal to them (if they haven’t already done so) that Federigo is a woman in disguise. There would be an urgency in my tone. At the same time I would lift up my eye-patch so that he can see that I am actually only pretending to have an injury.  I could also wink with this eye to indicate a secret ‘agreement’ between Brighella and Beatrice on the line, “love could drive e to far greater excesses.” 

Conclusion: The fact that the audience will quickly understand that I am a woman in men’s clothing, but the other characters (except Brighella) don’t, makes them ridiculous and allows the audience to laugh AT Pantaloon, the Dr and others, (which is part of the social satire that Goldoni was intending.) On the other hand it makes me (Beatrice) out to be a more sympathetic character acting out of more noble motives like true love and in the hostile environment of men (an under-dog style story). 

45 mins = Band 420/25  Mark scheme – “thorough and thoughtful response” 

I think this has the right balance between social and historic facts and knowledge and specific examples of HOW the part could be acted. It has a range of interpretations for Beatrice. It has enough terminology and the actions/vocal choices fit the character and her situation.  There is use of quotes and a reference to audience. To move into Top Band 5 this needs possibly another paragraph and more perceptive comments about audience perceptions and a bit more creative acting ideas.

Boys with swords

There are 3 characters who could be described as ‘boys/men with swords’ Florindo , Silvio and Beatrice {disguised as Ferderigo}

HAVE YOUR NOTES READY FOR NEXT WEEK

It is important that we consider how different {as well as similar} they are in terms of characteristics (traits) , voice, physicality, rhythm of walk etc.

TASK 1: Read the Character Notes for EACH character.

TASK 2: Create a separate page in your Journal for EACH character. (or use the sheets provided.)

Use the table below to build up your notes.

Name of character ??????????

Qualities /Personality (adjectives – adverbs)Stock-type / Previous-other names
                    
How do they move/speak?Major scenes (what happens?)
                                    
Social – Historic – Cultural ‘pearls of wisdom’Quotes
                                

Here are some key scenes from early in the play (early scenes are always good ‘go to moments’ to see how a playwright presents the characters to the audience.)

Task 3: Read, think and add to your notes.

Act 1 (scene 2) P 13 Silvio’s reactions to Federigo’s arrival and the stopping of the engagement.

Act 1 (scene 4) Florindo interactions with Truff and Porter

Act 1 (scene 5) Silvio with Truff and Silvio with Florindo.

  • Out of the 3 of them, WHO do you think has the higher STATUS? –
  • WHY?
  • WHO is the ‘best’ swordsman?

TRUFFALDINO – WHO IS HE?

Read and take notes from the Commentary on Truffaldino (your copy of the set text) – make specific note on the skills needed to play him, his origins, his characteristics (traits) and how he was developed by Goldoni.

This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is Truffaldino2-731x1024.jpg
Piccolo Theatre Servant of Two Masters, Omen Sade (Performer) as Arlecchino/Truffaldino in traditional commedia dell’arte costume with white-with-multi-colored-triangles, hat, battoccio (stick/club) and leather mask created by Antonio Fava.

Truffaldino – case study.

Recap – Traditional v Goldoni adaptation

Acrobatic clown – A Servant

Anarchistic (rebel)

Quick physically – slow mentally – thinks with his stomach

Discuss: In the absence of a true Brighella stock type you could say that Truffaldino has been given some of these characteristics.

Watch Video: Servant of Two Masters: Commedia Character Shorts-Lesson Two: Truffaldino (Go to 58 secs in and watch to 2 min 25 secs)

Discuss:

Watch this demonstration for physicality.

Watch Video (Go to 46 secs in and watch to 2 min 45 secs)

Discuss:

  • Why does Truff. stand straight out to the audience?
  • Light or Heavy

Read or Stage the 1st Entrance {always a good idea to talk about the 1st entrance if given a question about interpretation or aims/effects}

  • What do you notice about his energy? / Energy: Direct or Indirect?
  • What do you notice about focus (on whom?)

Goldoni says in his own introduction “to the Readers” that Truffaldino can be ‘doltish’

Meaning: adjective:

(of a person) stupid; idiotic: a doltish character.

When he operates in a thoughtless fashion

(eg: tearing up the bill of exchange – act 2 sc 9 – P51-55)

And then mischievous’

adjective

1 causing or showing a fondness for causing trouble in a playful way: mischievous children | a mischievous grin.

(eg: serving 2 masters – act 2 sc 12)

Examiner’s say the Indicative content for a performer focused question could include [remember you wouldn’t be expected to cover it all!!]

  • physical appearance, age, height, build, colouring, facial features
  • vocal qualities, pitch, pace, tone, accent
  • delivery of specific lines: interaction with others, eye contact, spatial relationships, physical contact
  • use of space
  • XXXX’s relationship with other KEY characters
  • movement, gesture, gait, posture, energy, demeanour and facial expressions
  • style/use of costume/make-up; of props and accessories
  • specific performance ideas clearly calculated to reveal the specified interpretation in key scenes, for example:

Social, cultural or historical context might include, for example:

  • reference to stock characters
  • structure of play
  • concepts of Commedia – lazzi, audience interaction

Extension: How has the character of Truff.

aldino been modified?

Show Clips: “One Man, Two Guvnors” starring James Corden

1ST EXAM STYLE QUESTION (DIRECTOR FOCUS)

Re-read the first 3 scenes of Act 1 and be completely familiar with WHO, WHERE & WHAT.

Think about what relationships are present on stage. Who knows who and for how long? Who is High/Low Status?

As you read it try to imagine a Voice and a Body Shape for EACH character.

Try and identify facts / backstory/ Social and Historic references to character {Why does Pantaloon want the engagement party to be ‘low-key?’}

For Homework you need to complete the diagram on the back of the Handout “Section 2-Analysis” showing HOW all the characters interlink. Bring to the next lesson.

Exam style question to keep in mind during these lessons on Act 1 / Scene 1-2

As a Director, how would you direct the actors in Act 1 Scenes 1 & 2 (So2M) to reveal their essential characteristics, relationships at the start of the play and any sub-textual issues. Make reference to the audience and to your aims as director [what do you need the audience to understand]?

Useful sentence starters:

Eg: “My intention as a director at this point in the play would be to show/reveal/ focus on…”

“It is important for the audience to understand X at this point in the play so, as a director, I would ……”

You don’t have to reference all the characters 

COMMEDIA PERFORMANCE

  1. Watch the performance below and see how many characters you can identify.
  2. How did you know they were these characters?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Ak5yjC07Rs

Not all of these characters are in the play (S of 2 M) and some that are have been ‘modified’ by Goldoni (Brighella for example).

As the performances are in French/Italian FOCUS on the physicality of the characters, their playfulness, energy levels, tone of their voice.

Look out for LAZZI = comic business.

Half term UNDERSTANDING ‘SO2M’ (Act 1 & 2)

This is to test your knowledge of basic plot events, character knowledge and motivations in the first 2 Acts of the play “A Servant of 2 Masters” (So2M)

All the answers are in the play – you may also find the plot summary of the Commentaries useful.

TO BE DONE IN YOUR JOURNAL FOR NEXT LESSON

Comprehension Questions for Acts 1 & 2 of ‘Servant of 2 Masters’. (Questions)

 QuestionAnswerMark
1What are the 3 stock types of Commedia?   3
2Traditionally, which characters would have worn a mask 2
3 2
4Where is the play set – (city)   1
5What is a lazzi?   2
6Who wrote the play?   1
7When did they write it (to within the nearest decade)   1
8What are the names of the 2 older men?   2
9What are the names of their children?   2
10Beatrice comes from which city?   1
11Who is her brother?   1
12What has happened to him before the play begins? Who did this?   2
13Who was he meant to marry and why?         2
14Beatrice arrives at Pantaloon’s house disguised as whom?         1
15Who recognises her and why?       2
16Who is her servant?   1
17Who is his love interest throughout the play? 1
18What 2 things does Beatrice hope to get by arriving in Venice?       2
19Why does Truffaldino sign up with another master?     1
20Who is the ‘character’ Truffaldino. makes up? 1
21Why does he ‘invent’ this person?   1
22Name 2 objects that are the types of things that confuse Truffaldino now that he serves 2 masters?       2
23Towards the end of Act 1 what does Beatrice do when in the company of a distressed Clarice?       2
24Why is Silvio angry with Pantaloon and Beatrice/Federigo?         1
25When discovering Silvio with a sword what does Beatrice/Ferderigo do?         1
26What does Clarice threaten to do when confronted by Silvio’s jealousy?         1
27What city is Truffaldino from?     1
28How do we (the audience) know that Truffaldino can’t read?           2
29Why does Truffaldino get a double beating at the end of the Act 2?           2

/44   

30) Explain in a paragraph how you would play the role of Pantaloon or Dr Lombardi (focus on personality, voice, posture, body shape, rhythm, facial expression)                                                                               6 marks

THE characters OF COMMEDIA

Watch the video above.

Take notes in your Journal about the OLD MEN (Pantaloon and Doctore (Dr).

MAKE SURE YOUR NOTES INCLUDE

  • character TRAITS [what animal or adjectives describe this character.]
  • physicality,
  • voice,
  • historical, cultural FACTS,
  • social (status) MASTER/SERVANT – what they do for a living.

Ignore Magnifico, the Witch, & Older Lovers. as these characters DO NOT APPEAR in ‘Servant’.

Commedia – Language

GRUMMALOT

Watch the following video and make some notes in your Journal.

  1. Grummalot (define it in your own words)
  2. Why is it a useful ‘tool’ for improvising and exploring a text?
  3. By watching the student actors, what skills do you think they show to successfully take part in a ‘grummalot’ conversation? [How does the listener know what is being said, how to respond, when to respond?]
  4. Why does it simulate the world of Commedia (think accents and languages)
  5. How could ‘grummalot’ be considered subversive during the time of Commedia?

Images of Commedia performance

Look at the following images of Commedia companies performing.

You will notice that they are performing OUTDOORS on make-shift stages. This is because they were TOURING companies who moved from city/town to city/town.

The Commedia STYLE of performing develops because of this

.THINK / PAIR / SHARE

  • What are the challenges of performing outdoors (in a busy market place?)
  • Why would Masks have helped the audience?
  • If the audience didn’t understand the language or dialect of the actors (because they were from a different region or even country *Commedia companies toured to other European countries) HOW does the performance STYLE have to compensate for this?

Commedia dell’ Arte – A Historic Overview

Summer Task #1

Watch the clip from a workshop presented by Didi Hopkins from Commediaworks (A UK company specialising in Commedia dell’ Arte). THEN read the section ‘Commedia dell’arte and Carlo Goldoni’ in the Commentary section of your play ‘ a Servant to 2 Masters’ (Page: XXXIX – XLII – 3.5 pages)

Once you’ve done your reading/viewing answer the following questions. Type them ready to hand in on your 1st class in September. [Include the question as the opening of your answer BUT don’t write out the question in full!]

  1. Where and when did Commedia start? What was it a mixture of?
  2. How can it claim to be ‘popular’ theatre?
  3. Why was it considered an actors theatre?
  4. How were the troupes organised? (*Use video and book)
  5. What was the role of women?
  6. Why was the relationship with the audience key?
  7. Stories/Scenarios – Were the actors working from fully written scripts and if not how did the actors know what to do and say? (*Use video and book)
  8. What are ‘lazzi’? (*Use video and book)
  9. What has Commedia influenced? (try and find some of your own examples)